Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Center for Health Systems and Design, Colleges of Architecture and Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Front Public Health. 2021 Mar 11;9:578832. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.578832. eCollection 2021.
The benefits of engaging in outdoor physical activity are numerous for older adults. However, previous work on outdoor monitoring of physical activities did not sufficiently identify how older adults characterize and respond to diverse elements of urban built environments, including structural characteristics, safety attributes, and aesthetics. To synthesize emerging multidisciplinary trends on the use of connected technologies to assess environmental barriers and stressors among older adults and for persons with disability. A multidisciplinary overview and literature synthesis. First, we review measurement and monitoring of outdoor physical activity in community environments and during transport using wearable sensing technologies, their contextualization and using smartphone-based applications. We describe physiological responses (e.g., gait patterns, electrodermal activity, brain activity, and heart rate), stressors and physical barriers during outdoor physical activity. Second, we review the use of visual data (e.g., Google street images, Street score) and machine learning algorithms to assess physical (e.g., walkability) and emotional stressors (e.g., stress) in community environments and their impact on human perception. Third, we synthesize the challenges and limitations of using real-time smartphone-based data on driving behavior, incompatibility with software data platforms, and the potential for such data to be confounded by environmental signals in older adults. Lastly, we summarize alternative modes of transport for older adults and for persons with disability. Environmental design for connected technologies, interventions to promote independence and mobility, and to reduce barriers and stressors, likely requires smart connected age and disability-friendly communities and cities.
户外活动对老年人有诸多益处。然而，以前关于户外体力活动监测的工作并没有充分确定老年人如何描述和应对城市建筑环境的多样化元素，包括结构特征、安全属性和美学。 为了综合新兴的多学科趋势，利用连接技术评估老年人和残疾人人的环境障碍和压力源。 多学科概述和文献综述。 首先，我们回顾了使用可穿戴传感器技术在社区环境中和在运输过程中测量和监测户外体力活动的情况，以及它们的语境化和使用基于智能手机的应用程序。我们描述了户外体力活动期间的生理反应（例如，步态模式、皮肤电活动、大脑活动和心率）、压力源和身体障碍。其次，我们回顾了使用视觉数据（例如，谷歌街景图像、街景评分）和机器学习算法来评估社区环境中的身体（例如，可步行性）和情感压力源（例如，压力）及其对人类感知的影响。第三，我们综合了使用实时基于智能手机的数据来评估驾驶行为、与软件数据平台不兼容以及此类数据可能被老年人环境信号混淆的挑战和局限性。最后，我们总结了老年人和残疾人人的替代交通方式。 为了连接技术的环境设计、促进独立和移动性的干预措施，以及减少障碍和压力源，可能需要智能连接的年龄和残疾友好型社区和城市。
