Warrington E K, McCarthy R A
National Hospital, Queen Square, London, England.
Brain Cogn. 1988 Apr;7(2):184-200. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(88)90029-2.
This single case study describes our investigations of the retrograde memory deficit of a patient who became severely and selectively amnesic after an encephalitic illness. On clinical assessment his retrograde deficit for both personal and public events appeared to encompass his entire adult life. However, he retained knowledge of words introduced into the vocabulary during the retrograde period. The experimental investigation documented his inability to recall, recognize, and place in temporal order the names and faces of famous people for all time periods sampled. By contrast, his recall of either a famous face or a famous name was significantly facilitated by the verbal cue of the person's first name and initial of the surname (i.e., Margaret T...). His performance on a test of "familiarity" that required him to select the famous name or the famous face from two distractors (unknown) was within normal limits. It is argued that names and faces of famous people are represented in more than one system: both in a vocabulary-like fact memory system that is preserved and also in a congnitively mediated schemata that in this case is functionally inoperative.
这个单病例研究描述了我们对一名脑炎后出现严重且选择性失忆的患者逆行性记忆缺陷的调查。临床评估显示，他对个人和公共事件的逆行性缺陷似乎涵盖了他整个成年生活。然而，他保留了逆行期引入词汇表中的单词的知识。实验研究记录了他在所有采样时间段内都无法回忆、识别和按时间顺序排列名人的名字和面孔。相比之下，通过人名的名字首字母和姓氏首字母（即玛格丽特·T……）的语言提示，他对名人面孔或名字的回忆得到了显著促进。在一项“熟悉度”测试中，他需要从两个干扰项（不知名的）中选择名人名字或名人面孔，其表现处于正常范围内。有人认为，名人的名字和面孔由不止一个系统来表征：既存在于一个保存下来的类似词汇表的事实记忆系统中，也存在于一个认知介导的图式中，在这种情况下，该图式在功能上不起作用。
