Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
RNA Biol. 2021 Dec;18(12):2127-2135. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1909321. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
Recent advances in our understanding of epitranscriptomic RNA methylation have expanded the complexity of gene expression regulation beyond epigenetic regulation involving DNA methylation and histone modifications. The instalment, removal, and interpretation of methylation marks on RNAs are carried out by writers (methyltransferases), erasers (demethylases), and readers (RNA-binding proteins), respectively. Contrary to an emerging body of evidence demonstrating the importance of RNA methylation in the diverse fates of RNA molecules, including splicing, export, translation, and decay in the nucleus and cytoplasm, their roles in plant organelles remain largely unclear and are only now being discovered. In particular, extremely high levels of methylation marks in chloroplast and mitochondrial RNAs suggest that RNA methylation plays essential roles in organellar biogenesis and functions in plants that are crucial for plant development and responses to environmental stimuli. Thus, unveiling the cellular components involved in RNA methylation in cell organelles is essential to better understand plant biology.
近年来，我们对 RNA 转录后修饰中 RNA 甲基化的认识不断深入，使得基因表达调控的复杂性超出了涉及 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰的表观遗传调控。RNA 上甲基化标记的安装、去除和解释分别由写入器（甲基转移酶）、擦除器（去甲基酶）和读取器（RNA 结合蛋白）来执行。与越来越多的证据表明 RNA 甲基化在 RNA 分子的不同命运中的重要性（包括核和细胞质中的剪接、输出、翻译和降解）形成鲜明对比的是，其在植物细胞器中的作用在很大程度上仍不清楚，目前才刚刚开始被发现。特别是在叶绿体和线粒体 RNA 中存在极高水平的甲基化标记，这表明 RNA 甲基化在细胞器的生物发生和功能中发挥着至关重要的作用，对植物的发育和对环境刺激的反应至关重要。因此，揭示参与细胞器官中 RNA 甲基化的细胞成分对于更好地理解植物生物学至关重要。
