细菌膜泡介导的发病机制。
Pathogenesis Mediated by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles.
机构信息
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
出版信息
Subcell Biochem. 2021;97:101-150. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_6.
The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a process conserved across the three domains of life. Amongst prokaryotes, EVs produced by Gram-negative bacteria, termed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), were identified more than 50 years ago and a wealth of literature exists regarding their biogenesis, composition and functions. OMVs have been implicated in benefiting numerous metabolic functions of their parent bacterium. Additionally, OMVs produced by pathogenic bacteria have been reported to contribute to pathology within the disease setting. By contrast, the release of EVs from Gram-positive bacteria, known as membrane vesicles (MVs), has only been widely accepted within the last decade. As such, there is a significant disproportion in knowledge regarding MVs compared to OMVs. Here we provide an overview of the literature regarding bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) produced by pathogenic and commensal bacteria. We highlight the mechanisms of BMV biogenesis and their roles in assisting bacterial survival, in addition to discussing their functions in promoting disease pathologies and their potential use as novel therapeutic strategies.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）的释放是生命的三个域中保守的过程。在原核生物中，由革兰氏阴性细菌产生的 EVs，称为外膜囊泡（OMVs），在 50 多年前就已经被发现，并且有大量的文献涉及它们的生物发生、组成和功能。OMVs 被认为有益于其母菌的许多代谢功能。此外，已报道致病性细菌产生的 OMVs 有助于疾病环境中的病理学。相比之下，革兰氏阳性菌释放的 EVs，称为膜囊泡（MVs），在过去十年才被广泛接受。因此，与 OMVs 相比，关于 MVs 的知识存在显著的不平衡。在这里，我们提供了关于致病性和共生菌产生的细菌膜囊泡（BMVs）的文献综述。我们强调了 BMV 生物发生的机制及其在帮助细菌存活方面的作用，此外还讨论了它们在促进疾病病理学方面的功能以及它们作为新型治疗策略的潜在用途。
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