Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Research Group in Environmental Sciences and Applied Materials (SEMA), FP Khouribga, Morocco.
Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Research Group in Environmental Sciences and Applied Materials (SEMA), FP Khouribga, Morocco.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jun 15;288:112404. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112404. Epub 2021 Mar 27.
Nowadays, pharmaceuticals are the center of significant environmental research due to their complex and highly stable bioactivity, increasing concentration in the water streams and high persistence in aquatic environments. Conventional wastewater treatment techniques are generally inadequate to remove these pollutants. Aiming to tackle this issue effectively, various methods have been developed and investigated on the light of chemical, physical and biological procedures. Increasing attention has recently been paid to the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as efficient methods for the complete mineralization of pharmaceuticals. Their high operating costs compared to other processes, however, remain a challenge. Hence, this review summarizes the current and state of art related to AOPs, biological treatment and their effective exploitation for the degradation of various pharmaceuticals and other emerging molecules present in wastewater. The review covers the last decade with a particular focus on the previous five years. It is further envisioned that this review of advanced oxidation methods and biological treatments, discussed herein, will help readers to better understand the mechanisms and limitations of these methods for the removal of pharmaceuticals from the environment. In addition, we compared AOPs and biological treatments for the disposal of pharmaceuticals from the point of view of cost, effectiveness, and popularity of their use. The exploitation of coupling AOPs and biological procedures for the degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater was also presented. It is worthy of note that an integrated AOPs/biological system is essential to reach the complete degradation of pharmaceuticals; other advantages of this hybrid technique involve low energy cost, an efficient degradation process and generation of non-toxic by-products.
如今，由于药品具有复杂且高度稳定的生物活性、在水流中的浓度不断增加以及在水生环境中的高持久性，它们成为了环境研究的重点。传统的废水处理技术通常无法有效去除这些污染物。为了解决这个问题，人们根据化学、物理和生物程序开发并研究了各种方法。最近，人们越来越关注高级氧化工艺 (AOPs)，因为它们是将药品完全矿化的有效方法。然而，与其他工艺相比，AOPs 的运行成本仍然是一个挑战。因此，本文总结了当前及最先进的与 AOPs、生物处理及其在降解废水中各种药品和其他新兴分子方面的有效利用相关的技术。本文涵盖了过去十年的研究，特别关注了过去五年的研究。我们进一步设想，本文对高级氧化方法和生物处理的综述将有助于读者更好地理解这些方法从环境中去除药品的机制和局限性。此外，我们还从成本、效果和使用普及度的角度比较了 AOPs 和生物处理在处理药品方面的优缺点。本文还介绍了在废水处理中耦合 AOPs 和生物程序以降解药品的方法。值得注意的是，集成 AOPs/生物系统对于实现药品的完全降解是必不可少的；这种混合技术的其他优点包括低能耗、高效的降解过程以及生成无毒的副产物。
