Wang Jianqin, Otgaar Henry, Howe Mark L, Cheng Sen
Laboratory of Social Psychology and Behavioral Science, Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2021 Sep;74(9):1512-1524. doi: 10.1177/17470218211009772. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
Memory is considered to be a flexible and reconstructive system. However, there is little experimental evidence demonstrating how associations are falsely constructed in memory, and even less is known about the role of the self in memory construction. We investigated whether false associations involving non-presented stimuli can be constructed in episodic memory and whether the self plays a role in such memory construction. In two experiments, we paired participants' own names (i.e., self-reference) or the name "Adele" (i.e., other-reference) with words and pictures from Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists. We found that (1) participants not only falsely remembered the non-presented lure words and pictures as having been presented, but also misremembered that they were paired with their own name or "Adele," depending on the referenced person of related DRM lists; and (2) there were more critical lure-self associations constructed in the self-reference condition than critical lure-other associations in the other-reference condition for word but not for picture stimuli. These results suggest a self-enhanced constructive effect that might be driven by both relational and item-specific processing. Our results support the spreading-activation account for constructive episodic memory.
记忆被认为是一个灵活且具重构性的系统。然而，几乎没有实验证据表明记忆中联想是如何被错误构建的，对于自我在记忆构建中的作用更是知之甚少。我们研究了在情景记忆中是否能构建涉及未呈现刺激的错误联想，以及自我在这种记忆构建中是否发挥作用。在两个实验中，我们将参与者自己的名字（即自我参照）或“Adele”这个名字（即他人参照）与来自迪斯/罗迪格 - 麦克德莫特（DRM）列表中的单词和图片配对。我们发现：（1）参与者不仅错误地记住了未呈现的诱饵单词和图片曾被呈现过，还错误地记住它们与自己的名字或“Adele”配对过，这取决于相关DRM列表的参照对象；（2）对于单词刺激，在自我参照条件下构建的关键诱饵 - 自我联想比在他人参照条件下构建的关键诱饵 - 他人联想更多，但对于图片刺激并非如此。这些结果表明存在一种自我增强的构建效应，这可能是由关系性和项目特异性加工共同驱动的。我们的结果支持了情景记忆构建的扩散激活理论。
