Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
Psychiatry, ICHI Mental Clinic Nipponbashi, Osaka, Japan.
Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2021 Sep;13(3):e12471. doi: 10.1111/appy.12471. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
Suicide is one of the most critical issues worldwide. In Japan, more than 30 000 people died by suicide every year between 1998 and 2011, and the Japanese government, local governments, and various other agencies have been working on suicide prevention programs to reduce the suicide rate. While the number of suicides is still high (more than 20 000 per year), many specialists are striving to further reduce the number of suicides in Japan. The Japanese government has played a central role in suicide prevention through the enactment of several laws, and in recent years, suicide prevention has shifted from government to community-specific measures. This review discusses the suicide prevention measures that have been taken so far: (1) policy strategies for suicide prevention by the Japanese government, (2) community suicide prevention, and (3) strategic studies for suicide prevention. Finally, as shown in the ACTION-J study, we conclude that cooperation among related organizations in the community, not just one institution, is important for future suicide prevention, especially youth suicide prevention.
自杀是全球面临的最严峻问题之一。1998 年至 2011 年期间，日本每年有超过 3 万人自杀，日本政府、地方政府和各种机构一直在开展预防自杀项目，以降低自杀率。虽然自杀人数仍然居高不下（每年超过 2 万人），但许多专家仍在努力进一步降低日本的自杀人数。日本政府通过颁布多项法律，在预防自杀方面发挥了核心作用，近年来，自杀预防已从政府层面转向社区特定措施。本综述讨论了迄今为止采取的预防自杀措施：（1）日本政府的预防自杀政策策略；（2）社区预防自杀；（3）预防自杀的策略研究。最后，如 ACTION-J 研究所示，我们得出的结论是，社区相关组织之间的合作，而不仅仅是一个机构的合作，对于未来的预防自杀至关重要，尤其是预防青少年自杀。
