Zhao Jing-Jing, Huang Yu, Zhang De-Quan, Zhou Nong
the Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs,College of Food and Biological Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University Chongqing 404120,China.
College of Pharmacy and Chemistry,Dali University Dali 671000,China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Mar;46(5):1094-1101. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20201011.102.
Phylogeography is a research hotspot in the field of the genetic diversity and core germplasm construction of endangered rare plants. Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is a rare plant species mainly distributed in China. Wild individuals have been overexploited for the last few decades because of increasing demand for such medicines. Therefore, it is great significance to study the phylogeography of P. poliphylla var. yunnanensis based on chloroplast gene trnL-trnF sequences. In this study, chloroplast genes trnL-trnF were used in the phylogeography analysis of 15 wild and 17 cultivated populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. This study revealed that based on the results of neutrality tests and mismatch analysis, the rapid expansion of wild population has not been detected in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. After aligning and sorting the obtained cpDNA sequences, a total of 15 haplotypes were detected in all 32 populations. One haplotype was unique to the wild population, and 5 haplotypes were unique to the cultivated population. It can be seen that the haplotype richness of cultivated population was higher than that of wild population. The wild populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were divided into two groups according to evolutionary relationship of haplotypes and distribution map of haplotypes. The haplotype of branch Ⅰ was mainly distributed in Guizhou, and the haplotype of branch Ⅱ was located in Yunnan and Huidong, Sichuan. Therefore, it's speculated that Guizhou and the west Yunnan region may be glacial refuge in the evolutionary history of wild populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and in order to protect the wild resources more effectively, wild populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in these two areas should be included in the protection zone.
系统发育地理学是濒危珍稀植物遗传多样性和核心种质构建领域的研究热点。滇重楼是一种主要分布于中国的珍稀植物物种。在过去几十年里，由于对这类药材的需求不断增加，野生个体遭到了过度开发。因此，基于叶绿体基因trnL-trnF序列研究滇重楼的系统发育地理学具有重要意义。本研究采用叶绿体基因trnL-trnF对15个野生滇重楼种群和17个栽培滇重楼种群进行了系统发育地理学分析。该研究表明，基于中性检验和失配分析结果，未检测到滇重楼野生种群的快速扩张。对获得的cpDNA序列进行比对和排序后，在所有32个种群中共检测到15个单倍型。其中一个单倍型为野生种群特有，5个单倍型为栽培种群特有。可见，栽培种群的单倍型丰富度高于野生种群。根据单倍型的进化关系和单倍型分布图，滇重楼野生种群分为两组。Ⅰ支的单倍型主要分布在贵州，Ⅱ支的单倍型位于云南和四川会东。因此，推测贵州和滇西地区可能是滇重楼野生种群进化历史中的冰川避难所，为更有效地保护野生资源，应将这两个地区的滇重楼野生种群纳入保护区。
