Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021 Mar 23;15:1285-1298. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S297858. eCollection 2021.
Treatment of extensive or recalcitrant alopecia areata (AA) is a major clinical challenge. Even after thorough investigation of several medications, its treatment outcomes have remained unsatisfactory. While there is no US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for AA yet, topical immunotherapy has been a well-documented treatment option. Dinitrochlorobenzene, squaric acid dibutylester, and diphenylcyclopropenone are three substances that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of extensive or recalcitrant AA. Despite being commonly used, the mechanism underlying topical immunotherapy is not well-elucidated and a wide range of clinical efficacies have been reported in the literature. The aim of this review was to summarize and update the pharmacology, mechanism of action, therapeutic efficacy, and tolerability of topical immunotherapy in the treatment of AA.
治疗广泛或难治性斑秃 (AA) 是一个重大的临床挑战。即使对多种药物进行了彻底的调查，其治疗结果仍然不尽如人意。虽然美国食品和药物管理局尚未批准用于 AA 的药物，但局部免疫疗法已被证明是一种经过充分记录的治疗选择。二硝基氯苯、丁二酸二丁酯和二苯环丙烯酮是三种在治疗广泛或难治性 AA 方面已被证明有效的物质。尽管它们被广泛使用，但局部免疫疗法的机制尚未得到很好的阐明，并且文献中报道了广泛的临床疗效。本综述的目的是总结和更新局部免疫疗法在治疗 AA 中的药理学、作用机制、治疗效果和耐受性。
