Cherpitel Cheryl J, Witbrodt Jane, Ye Yu, Monteiro Maristela G, Málaga Hernán, Báez Jeannette, Valdés Marisela Ponce de León
Alcohol Research Group EmeryvilleCalif. United States of America Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, Calif., United States of America.
Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2021 Mar 24;45:e31. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2021.31. eCollection 2021.
To report demographic and substance use characteristics and risk of road traffic injury (RTI) from alcohol use, cannabis use, and combined use in a sample of emergency department patients from two countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.
A cross-sectional study in which patients 18 years and older admitted within six hours of suffering an RTI to one emergency department in Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic ( = 501) and in Lima, Peru ( = 431) were interviewed. Case-crossover analysis, based on self-reported use prior to the RTI, was used to analyze risk from alcohol, cannabis, and co-use.
Overall, 15.3% reported alcohol use prior to the event and 2.5% cannabis use. Drivers using alcohol only were over twice as likely to have an RTI (OR = 2.46, < 0.001), and nearly eight times more likely if using both alcohol and cannabis (OR = 6.89, < 0.01), but risk was not elevated for cannabis alone. Significant differences were not found for passengers or pedestrians.
Risk of RTI for drivers in these two samples is significantly elevated from alcohol use, and more so for co-use with cannabis. Differences between the two countries underscore the need for similar data from the region to determine risk of RTI from substance use, including risk for passengers and pedestrians. Data suggest that alcohol contributes significantly to the burden of RTI, which calls for more stringent enforcement of alcohol control policy related to drink driving in the region.
报告拉丁美洲和加勒比地区两个国家急诊科患者样本中，饮酒、使用大麻及两者共同使用情况下的人口统计学和物质使用特征以及道路交通伤害（RTI）风险。
开展一项横断面研究，对多米尼加共和国圣多明各（n = 501）和秘鲁利马（n = 431）的一家急诊科在RTI发生后6小时内收治的18岁及以上患者进行访谈。基于RTI发生前的自我报告使用情况，采用病例交叉分析来分析酒精、大麻及共同使用的风险。
总体而言，15.3%报告在事件发生前饮酒，2.5%使用大麻。仅饮酒的司机发生RTI的可能性是其他人的两倍多（OR = 2.46，P < 0.001），如果同时饮酒和使用大麻，可能性则几乎高出八倍（OR = 6.89，P < 0.01），但仅使用大麻时风险并未升高。乘客或行人未发现显著差异。
这两个样本中，司机因饮酒导致的RTI风险显著升高，同时使用大麻时风险更高。两国之间的差异凸显了该地区需要类似数据来确定物质使用导致的RTI风险，包括乘客和行人的风险。数据表明，酒精对RTI负担有显著影响，这就要求在该地区更严格地执行与酒后驾车相关的酒精控制政策。
