Langberg J J, Franklin J O, Landzberg J S, Herre J M, Kee L, Chin M C, Bharati S, Lev M, Himelman R B, Schiller N B
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988 Jul;12(1):218-23. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90377-4.
The ability to locate catheter position in the left ventricle with respect to endocardial landmarks might enhance the accuracy of ventricular tachycardia mapping. An echo-transponder system (Telectronics, Inc.) was compared with biplane fluoroscopy for left ventricular endocardial mapping. A 6F electrode catheter was modified with the addition of a piezoelectric crystal 5 mm from the tip. This crystal was connected to a transponder that received and transmitted ultrasound, resulting in a discrete artifact on the two-dimensional echocardiographic image corresponding to the position of the catheter tip. Catheters were introduced percutaneously into the left ventricle of nine anesthetized dogs. Two-dimensional echo-transponder and biplane fluoroscopic images were recorded on videotape with the catheter at multiple endocardial sites. Catheter location was marked by delivering radiofrequency current to the distal electrode, creating a small endocardial lesion. Catheter location by echo-transponder and by fluoroscopy were compared with lesion location without knowledge of other data. Location by echo-transponder was 8.7 +/- 5.1 mm from the center of the radiofrequency lesion versus 14 + 7.8 mm by fluoroscopy (n = 15, p = 0.023). Echo-transponder localization is more precise than is biplane fluoroscopy and may enhance the accuracy of left ventricular electrophysiologic mapping.
根据心内膜标志定位左心室内导管位置的能力可能会提高室性心动过速标测的准确性。将一种回声应答器系统（泰利特ronics公司）与双平面荧光透视法用于左心室心内膜标测进行比较。一根6F电极导管在距尖端5毫米处添加了一个压电晶体进行改造。该晶体连接到一个接收和发射超声波的应答器，在与导管尖端位置相对应的二维超声心动图图像上产生一个离散伪像。将导管经皮插入9只麻醉犬的左心室。在导管位于多个心内膜部位时，用录像带记录二维回声应答器和双平面荧光透视图像。通过向远端电极输送射频电流来标记导管位置，从而形成一个小的心内膜损伤。在不知道其他数据的情况下，将回声应答器和荧光透视法确定的导管位置与损伤位置进行比较。回声应答器确定的位置距射频损伤中心为8.7±5.1毫米，而荧光透视法为14±7.8毫米（n = 15，p = 0.023）。回声应答器定位比双平面荧光透视法更精确，可能会提高左心室电生理标测的准确性。
