College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
Ecotoxicology. 2021 Oct;30(8):1719-1730. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02333-x. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Autotrophic ammonium removal by sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (S-Anammox) process was studied in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor inoculated with Anammox sludge. Over an operation period of 371 days, the reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 16 h was fed with influent in which NH concentration was fixed at 70 mg N L, and the molar ratio of NO:NO:SO was 1:0.2:0.2, 0.5:0.1:0.3 and 0:0:0.5 in stages I, II and III, respectively. As the NO in influent was entirely replaced by SO, the NH removal rate was 31.02 mg N L d, and the conversion rate of SO was 8.18 mg S L d. On grounds of the high NH:SO removal ratio (8.67:1), the S accumulation and pH drop in effluent, as well as the analysis results of microbial community structure, the S-Anammox process was speculated to play a dominant role in stage III. The NH over-transformation was presumably as a consequence of the cyclic regeneration of SO. Concerning the microbial characteristics in the system, the Anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadia), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) (Desulfatiglans and Desulfurivibrio) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) (Thiobacillus) in biomass was enriched in the case of without addition of NO in influent. Sulfate reduction driven ammonium anaerobic oxidation was probably attributed to the coordinated metabolism of nitrogen- and sulfur-utilizing bacteria consortium, in which Anammox bacteria dominates the nitrogen removal, and the SRB and SOB participates in the sulfur cycle as well as accepts required electrons from Anammox bacteria through a direct inter-species electron transfer (DIET) pathway.
自养氨去除硫酸盐依赖厌氧氨氧化（S-Anammox）过程在接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的上流式厌氧污泥床反应器中进行研究。在 371 天的运行期间，水力停留时间为 16 h 的反应器以 NH 浓度固定在 70 mg N L 的进水为进料，NO:NO:SO 的摩尔比分别为 1:0.2:0.2、0.5:0.1:0.3 和 0:0:0.5，在阶段 I、II 和 III 中。由于进水的 NO 完全被 SO 取代，NH 去除率为 31.02 mg N L d，SO 转化率为 8.18 mg S L d。基于高 NH:SO 去除比（8.67:1）、出水中的 S 积累和 pH 值下降，以及微生物群落结构的分析结果，推测在阶段 III 中 S-Anammox 过程起主导作用。NH 的过度转化可能是 SO 循环再生的结果。就系统中的微生物特征而言，在没有向进水中添加 NO 的情况下，生物量中的厌氧氨氧化菌（Candidatus Brocadia）、硫酸盐还原菌（Desulfatiglans 和 Desulfurivibrio）和硫氧化菌（Thiobacillus）得到了富集。没有添加 NO 的情况下，硫酸盐还原驱动的氨厌氧氧化可能归因于氮和硫利用细菌联合体的协同代谢，其中厌氧氨氧化菌主导氮的去除，硫酸盐还原菌和硫氧化菌参与硫循环，并通过直接种间电子转移（DIET）途径从厌氧氨氧化菌获得所需的电子。
