Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2021 Apr 1;11(2):1831-1869. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c200030.
The contractile state of resistance arteries and arterioles is a crucial determinant of blood pressure and blood flow. Physiological regulation of arterial contractility requires constant communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Various Ca signals and Ca -sensitive targets ensure dynamic control of intercellular communications in the vascular wall. The functional effect of a Ca signal on arterial contractility depends on the type of Ca -sensitive target engaged by that signal. Recent studies using advanced imaging methods have identified the spatiotemporal signatures of individual Ca signals that control arterial and arteriolar contractility. Broadly speaking, intracellular Ca is increased by ion channels and transporters on the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticular membrane. Physiological roles for many vascular Ca signals have already been confirmed, while further investigation is needed for other Ca signals. This article focuses on endothelial and smooth muscle Ca signaling mechanisms in resistance arteries and arterioles. We discuss the Ca entry pathways at the plasma membrane, Ca release signals from the intracellular stores, the functional and physiological relevance of Ca signals, and their regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we describe the contribution of abnormal endothelial and smooth muscle Ca signals to the pathogenesis of vascular disorders. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1831-1869, 2021.
阻力血管和小动脉的收缩状态是血压和血流量的重要决定因素。动脉收缩性的生理调节需要内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞之间的持续通讯。各种 Ca 信号和 Ca 敏感靶标确保了血管壁中细胞间通讯的动态控制。Ca 信号对动脉收缩性的功能影响取决于该信号所涉及的 Ca 敏感靶标的类型。使用先进的成像方法的最近研究已经确定了控制动脉和小动脉收缩性的单个 Ca 信号的时空特征。广义而言，细胞内 Ca 通过质膜和内质网膜上的离子通道和转运蛋白增加。许多血管 Ca 信号的生理作用已经得到证实，而其他 Ca 信号则需要进一步研究。本文重点介绍阻力血管和小动脉中的内皮细胞和平滑肌 Ca 信号转导机制。我们讨论了质膜上的 Ca 进入途径、细胞内储存库的 Ca 释放信号、Ca 信号的功能和生理相关性及其调节机制。最后，我们描述了异常内皮细胞和平滑肌 Ca 信号对血管疾病发病机制的贡献。© 2021 美国生理学会。综合生理学 11:1831-1869, 2021。
