Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mail Stop S103-3, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Apr 20;55(8):5076-5083. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07294. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Aldehydes are known carcinogens and irritants that can negatively impact health. They are present in tobacco smoke, the environment, and food. The prevalence of aldehyde exposure and potential health impact warrants a population-wide study of serum aldehydes as exposure biomarkers. We analyzed 12 aldehydes in sera collected from 1843 participants aged 12 years or older in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Several aldehydes were detected at high rates, such as isopentanaldehyde (99.2%) and propanaldehyde (88.3%). We used multiple linear regression models to examine the impact of tobacco smoke and dietary variables on serum concentrations of isopentanaldehyde and propanaldehyde. Although 12 serum aldehydes were analyzed and compared to tobacco smoke exposure, only isopentanaldehyde and propanaldehyde showed any significant association with tobacco smoke exposure. Survey participants who smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day (CPD) had 168% higher serum isopentanaldehyde and 28% higher propanaldehyde compared with nonusers. Study participants who smoked 11-20 CPD had higher serum isopentanaldehyde (323%) and propanaldehyde (70%). Similarly, study participants who smoked >20 CPD had 399% higher serum isopentanaldehyde and 110% higher serum propanaldehyde than nonexposed nonusers. The method could not, however, differentiate between nonexposed nonusers and nonusers exposed to secondhand smoke for either of these two aldehydes. No dietary variables were consistently predictive of serum isopentanaldehyde and propanaldehyde concentrations. This report defines baseline concentrations of serum aldehydes in the U.S. population and provides a foundation for future research into the potential health effects of aldehydes. In addition, this study suggests that tobacco smoke is a significant source of exposure to some aldehydes such as isopentanaldehyde and propanaldehyde.
醛类是已知的致癌物质和刺激性物质，会对健康产生负面影响。它们存在于烟草烟雾、环境和食物中。醛类暴露的普遍性和潜在的健康影响需要对血清醛类进行全人群研究，将其作为暴露生物标志物。我们分析了 2013-2014 年全国健康与营养调查中 1843 名 12 岁及以上参与者的血清中 12 种醛类物质。高浓度检测到几种醛类物质，如异戊醛（99.2%）和丙醛（88.3%）。我们使用多元线性回归模型研究了烟草烟雾和饮食变量对血清异戊醛和丙醛浓度的影响。尽管分析了 12 种血清醛类物质并与烟草烟雾暴露进行了比较，但只有异戊醛和丙醛与烟草烟雾暴露有任何显著关联。每天吸烟 1-10 支香烟（CPD）的调查参与者的血清异戊醛水平比非使用者高 168%，丙醛水平高 28%。每天吸烟 11-20 CPD 的研究参与者的血清异戊醛（323%）和丙醛（70%）水平较高。同样，每天吸烟 >20 CPD 的研究参与者的血清异戊醛水平比非暴露的非使用者高 399%，血清丙醛水平高 110%。然而，该方法无法区分这两种醛类物质的非暴露非使用者和非使用者暴露于二手烟的情况。没有饮食变量可以始终预测血清异戊醛和丙醛浓度。本报告定义了美国人群血清醛类物质的基线浓度，并为今后研究醛类物质的潜在健康影响奠定了基础。此外，这项研究表明，烟草烟雾是一些醛类物质（如异戊醛和丙醛）暴露的重要来源。
