Seyler Tiffany, Mazumder Shrila, Ahamed Rayaj, Zhu Wanzhe, Blount Benjamin C, Apelberg Benjamin J, Wang Lanqing
Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Center of Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2023 May 17:OF1-OF9. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-0071.
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and premature death. Aromatic amines (AA) are found in cigarette smoke and are well-established human bladder carcinogens.
We measured and compared total urinary levels of 1-aminonaphthalene (1AMN), 2-aminonaphthalene (2AMN), and 4-aminobiphenyl (4ABP) in adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively and in adult nonusers of tobacco products from a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized U.S. population in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Sample-weighted geometric mean concentrations of AAs in adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively compared with adult nonusers were 30 times higher for 1AMN and 4 to 6 times higher for 2AMN and 4ABP. We evaluated the association of tobacco-smoke exposure with urinary AAs using sample-weighted multiple linear regression models to control for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diet, and urinary creatinine. Secondhand smoke exposure status was categorized using serum cotinine (SCOT) among adult nonusers (SCOT ≤ 10 ng/mL). The exposure for adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively (SCOT > 10 ng/mL) was categorized on the basis of the average number of self-reported cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) in the five days prior to urine collection. The regression models show AAs concentration increased with increasing CPD (P < 0.001). Dietary-intake variables derived from the 24-hours recall questionnaire were not consistently significant predictors of urinary AAs.
This is the first characterized total urinary AA concentrations of the U.S. adult non-institutionalized population. Our analyses show that smoking status is a major contributor to AA exposures.
These data provide a crucial baseline for exposure to three AAs in U.S. non-institutionalized adults.
吸烟会增加患癌症、心血管疾病和过早死亡的风险。香烟烟雾中含有芳香胺（AA），且其是公认的人类膀胱致癌物。
在2013 - 2014年全国健康与营养检查调查中，我们对仅吸烟的成年人和来自美国非机构化人口全国代表性样本的成年非烟草产品使用者，测量并比较了1 - 氨基萘（1AMN）、2 - 氨基萘（2AMN）和4 - 氨基联苯（4ABP）的尿中总含量。
仅吸烟的成年人与成年非使用者相比，1AMN的样本加权几何平均浓度高30倍，2AMN和4ABP高4至6倍。我们使用样本加权多元线性回归模型评估烟草烟雾暴露与尿中芳香胺的关联，以控制年龄、性别、种族/民族、饮食和尿肌酐。成年非使用者中二手烟暴露状况根据血清可替宁（SCOT）进行分类（SCOT≤10 ng/mL）。仅吸烟的成年人（SCOT>10 ng/mL）的暴露根据尿液收集前五天自我报告的平均每日吸烟量（CPD）进行分类。回归模型显示，芳香胺浓度随CPD增加而升高（P<0.001）。来自24小时回忆问卷的饮食摄入变量并非尿中芳香胺的一致显著预测因素。
这是首次对美国非机构化成年人口尿中芳香胺总浓度进行特征描述。我们的分析表明，吸烟状况是芳香胺暴露的主要因素。
这些数据为美国非机构化成年人中三种芳香胺的暴露提供了关键基线。
