Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, ShengYang, China.
J Nurs Manag. 2022 Sep;30(6):1396-1406. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13326. Epub 2021 May 3.
This study aimed to (1) assess the current status of Chinese nurses' exposure to workplace violence; (2) identify the cluster of interrelationships between abusive supervision, anxiety and depression symptoms, work ability, and workplace violence in nursing settings; and (3) clarify the functional mechanism among these variables.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted online from September to October 2020 in China. A total of 1,221 valid questionnaires were collected across 100 cities in 31 provinces.
Approximately 67.57% of participants experienced workplace violence in the past one year, in the types of verbal violence (59.71%), made difficulties (43.16%), mobbing behaviour (26.70%), smear reputation (22.52%), physical violence (11.30%), intimidating behaviour (10.16%) and sexual harassment (4.10%), respectively. Moreover, nurses' exposure to workplace violence was significantly and positively influenced by the perceptions of abusive supervision (β = 0.209, p < .01) and the symptoms of anxiety and depression (β = 0.328, p < .01). Anxious and depressive symptoms partly mediated the association between abusive supervision and workplace violence, which were significantly moderated by work ability (β = -0.021, p < .05).
Our study assesses the prevalence of the seven types of workplace violence against Chinese nurses. Majority of nurses have experienced different types of workplace violence. Nurses who are abused by their supervisor are more likely to develop poor psychological health than those who are not. Moreover, nurses' positive association of abusive supervision with workplace violence is more notable among nurses with lower work ability.
'No abusive supervision, no workplace violence'. A harmonious nursing environment needs to be provided to minimize exposure to workplace violence and mental health threats towards nursing staff, which is a key point for hospital administrators and health policymakers. Essential work ability should be developed to reduce the damage of the abusive supervision and workplace violence against nurses.
本研究旨在：（1）评估中国护士遭受工作场所暴力的现状；（2）确定护理环境中辱骂性监管、焦虑和抑郁症状、工作能力和工作场所暴力之间相互关系的聚类；（3）阐明这些变量之间的功能机制。
本研究于 2020 年 9 月至 10 月采用横断面调查的方法在中国进行。在全国 31 个省的 100 个城市共收集了 1221 份有效问卷。
大约 67.57%的参与者在过去一年中经历过工作场所暴力，其类型分别为言语暴力（59.71%）、制造困难（43.16%）、骚扰行为（26.70%）、诽谤名誉（22.52%）、身体暴力（11.30%）、恐吓行为（10.16%）和性骚扰（4.10%）。此外，护士遭受工作场所暴力的程度与他们对辱骂性监管的看法（β=0.209，p<.01）和焦虑和抑郁症状（β=0.328，p<.01）呈显著正相关。焦虑和抑郁症状部分中介了辱骂性监管与工作场所暴力之间的关系，工作能力显著调节了这种关系（β=-0.021，p<.05）。
本研究评估了中国护士遭受七种类型工作场所暴力的流行情况。大多数护士经历过不同类型的工作场所暴力。遭受辱骂性监管的护士比未遭受辱骂性监管的护士更容易出现心理健康问题。此外，在工作能力较低的护士中，辱骂性监管与工作场所暴力之间的积极关联更为显著。
“没有辱骂性监管，就没有工作场所暴力”。提供和谐的护理环境有助于减少护士遭受工作场所暴力和心理健康威胁，这是医院管理者和卫生政策制定者的关键要点。应培养基本工作能力，以减少辱骂性监管和工作场所暴力对护士的损害。
