Yang Bing Xiang, Stone Teresa E, Petrini Marcia A, Morris Diana L
Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Faculty of School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2018 Feb;32(1):31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.09.013. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Workplace violence and its impact on mental health nurses have yet to be thoroughly explored in China. This study aims to investigate the incidence, type, related factors, and effects of workplace violence on mental health nurses as well as identifying coping strategies.
A researcher - designed workplace violence questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were distributed to nurses at a mental health hospital in Wuhan, China.
Most nurses reported a high incidence of workplace violence (94.6%) in the past year ranging from verbal aggression, sexual harassment, to physical attack. The forms of violence significantly correlated with each other (r>0.5, p=0.000). Working on the psychiatric intensive care unit for adult males and being a male nurse placed nurses at significantly higher risk for workplace violence. Providing routine treatment, caring for male patients, and working the night shift increased the risk of sexual harassment. Nurses who believed that workplace violence was preventable experienced a significantly lower incidence of violence. Burnout levels of the mental health nurses were relatively mild, but increased with age, professional title, years of employment and frequency of workplace violence.
The incidence of workplace violence among mental health nurses is common, and its frequency is correlated with nurses' level of burnout. Management and clinical nurses should work together on an organization-wide strategy targeting the major identified risk areas to reduce the incidence of workplace violence and minimize its impact on nurses.
在中国，工作场所暴力及其对精神科护士心理健康的影响尚未得到充分探讨。本研究旨在调查工作场所暴力的发生率、类型、相关因素及其对精神科护士心理健康的影响，并确定应对策略。
向中国武汉一家精神卫生医院的护士发放了一份由研究人员设计的工作场所暴力问卷和马氏倦怠量表通用版。
大多数护士报告称，过去一年工作场所暴力发生率很高（94.6%），包括言语攻击、性骚扰和身体攻击。暴力形式之间存在显著相关性（r>0.5，p=0.000）。在成年男性精神科重症监护病房工作以及身为男护士会使护士遭受工作场所暴力的风险显著更高。提供常规治疗、护理男性患者以及值夜班增加了遭受性骚扰的风险。认为工作场所暴力可预防的护士遭受暴力的发生率显著更低。精神科护士的倦怠程度相对较轻，但随着年龄、职称、工作年限和工作场所暴力发生频率的增加而上升。
精神科护士工作场所暴力的发生率很常见，其发生频率与护士的倦怠程度相关。管理层和临床护士应共同制定一项全组织范围的策略，针对已确定的主要风险领域，以降低工作场所暴力的发生率，并将其对护士的影响降至最低。
