Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.
James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 16;12:643870. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.643870. eCollection 2021.
Epidemiological data have indicated that there are some sex-related differences in bladder cancer. Indeed, the incidence of bladder cancer in men has been substantially higher than that in women throughout the world, while women tend to have higher stage disease and poorer prognosis. These gender disparities have prompted to investigate sex hormones and their cognitive receptors in bladder cancer. Specifically, estrogen receptors, including estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β, have been shown to contribute to urothelial carcinogenesis and cancer progression, as well as to modulating chemosensitivity in bladder cancer, although conflicting findings exist. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical studies in surgical specimens have assessed the expression of estrogen receptors and related proteins as well as its associations with clinicopathologic features of bladder cancer and patient outcomes. This review article summarizes and discusses available data indicating that estrogen receptor signaling plays an important role in urothelial cancer.
流行病学数据表明，膀胱癌存在一些与性别相关的差异。事实上，全世界范围内男性膀胱癌的发病率明显高于女性，而女性往往处于更高的疾病分期且预后更差。这些性别差异促使人们研究膀胱癌中的性激素及其认知受体。具体而言，雌激素受体，包括雌激素受体-α和雌激素受体-β，已被证明有助于尿路上皮癌的发生和癌症进展，并调节膀胱癌的化疗敏感性，尽管存在相互矛盾的研究结果。同时，在手术标本的免疫组织化学研究中，评估了雌激素受体及其相关蛋白的表达情况，以及其与膀胱癌的临床病理特征和患者预后的关系。这篇综述文章总结和讨论了现有数据，表明雌激素受体信号在尿路上皮癌中发挥着重要作用。
