Toughza Jihane, Agadr Aomar, Nejjari Mouad, Ammari Insaf Al
Department of Pediatrics, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.
Department of Pediatrics, Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Dec 29;37:382. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.382.24325. eCollection 2020.
Thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic disorder in the neonatal period. It can occur in neonates hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and in preterm infants. It is characterized by a platelet count of less than 150.000/mm. In the context of immune thrombocytopenia, neonatal thrombocytopenia due to maternal alloimmunization (estimated at 1 per 1000 live births) is not a rare event but it is often undiagnosed in minor forms. This is caused by maternal immunization against fetal platelet antigens inherited from the father and lacking in the mother. Maternal IgG alloantibodies cross the placenta causing fetal platelet destruction. In severe thrombocytopenia, consequences can be severe, with intracranial bleeding occurring in 10-30% of patients. Diagnosis is essentially based on clinical examination and must be suspected by pediatricians.
血小板减少症是新生儿期常见的血液系统疾病。它可发生于入住重症监护病房的新生儿以及早产儿中。其特征为血小板计数低于150,000/mm。在免疫性血小板减少症的背景下，因母体同种免疫导致的新生儿血小板减少症（估计每1000例活产中有1例）并非罕见事件，但轻度形式往往未被诊断出来。这是由母体针对从父亲遗传而母亲缺乏的胎儿血小板抗原产生免疫所致。母体IgG同种抗体穿过胎盘导致胎儿血小板破坏。在严重血小板减少症中，后果可能很严重，10% - 30%的患者会发生颅内出血。诊断主要基于临床检查，儿科医生必须对此加以怀疑。
