Department of Economics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Department of Economics, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain.
Subst Abus. 2021;42(4):1016-1021. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1903657. Epub 2021 Apr 2.
Gambling has never been as popular and widely available as it is today. Despite the widespread normalization of gambling as just another form of leisure consumption, its potential interaction with substance use (e.g. smoking and drinking) is nowadays an issue of social concern. In fact, empirical research has found both substances to have strong interdependencies with gambling through multiple factors. : Gambling is a two-step decision: potential gamblers first decide whether to participate, then their expenditure. Using data from the Spanish gambling prevalence survey, a double-hurdle model is proposed to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on gambling participation and expenditure decisions utilizing binary consumption and frequency of consumption approaches. : In line with previous research, results showed that people who smoked tobacco and/or drank alcohol were more likely to gamble and to have a greater expenditure. Each additional level of frequency of consumption of both products was found to likely increase the prevalence of gambling. : The frequency of consumption of tobacco and/or alcohol was positively associated with the likelihood of gambling and spending more on gambling products. Findings may assist gambling stakeholders to prevent potential gambling-related harm.
赌博现在比以往任何时候都更加流行和普及。尽管赌博已经被广泛视为另一种休闲消费形式，但它与物质使用（如吸烟和饮酒）之间的潜在相互作用如今已成为社会关注的问题。事实上，实证研究发现，这两种物质通过多种因素与赌博有很强的相互依存关系。
潜在赌徒首先决定是否参与，然后是他们的支出。利用西班牙赌博流行情况调查的数据，提出了一个双重障碍模型，利用二进制消费和消费频率方法来估计吸烟和饮酒对赌博参与和支出决策的影响。
与先前的研究一致，结果表明，吸烟和/或饮酒的人更有可能赌博，并且支出更大。发现这两种产品的消费频率每增加一级，赌博的流行程度就可能增加。
烟草和/或酒精的消费频率与赌博的可能性和在赌博产品上的支出增加呈正相关。研究结果可能有助于赌博利益相关者预防潜在的与赌博相关的伤害。
