Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, c/Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Jun 30;181:683-696. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.175. Epub 2021 Mar 30.
Nanotechnology has transformed the science behind many biotechnological sectors, and applied bio-catalysis is not the exception. In 2017, the enzyme industry was valued at more than 7 billion USD and projected to 10.5 billion by 2024. The laccase enzyme is an oxidoreductase capable of oxidizing phenolic and non-phenolic compounds that have been considered an essential tool in the fields currently known as white biotechnology and green chemistry. Laccase is one of the most robust biocatalysts due to its wide applications in different environmental processes such as detecting and treating chemical pollutants and dyes and pharmaceutical removal. However, these biocatalytic processes are usually limited by the lack of stability of the enzyme, the half-life time, and the application feasibility at an industrial scale. Physical or chemical approaches have performed different laccase's immobilization methods to improve its catalytic properties and reuse. Emerging technologies have been proven to reduce the manufacturing process cost and increase application feasibility while looking for ecological and economical materials that can be used as support. Therefore, this review discusses the trends of enzyme immobilization recently studied, analyzing biomaterials and agro-industrial waste used for that intention, their advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, the work also highlights the performance obtained with these materials and current challenges and potential alternatives.
纳米技术已经改变了许多生物技术领域背后的科学，应用生物催化也不例外。2017 年，酶工业的价值超过 70 亿美元，预计到 2024 年将达到 105 亿美元。漆酶是一种氧化还原酶，能够氧化酚类和非酚类化合物，被认为是目前被称为白色生物技术和绿色化学领域的重要工具。由于其在不同的环境过程中的广泛应用，如检测和处理化学污染物和染料以及药物去除，漆酶是最具稳健性的生物催化剂之一。然而，这些生物催化过程通常受到酶稳定性、半衰期和工业规模应用可行性的限制。物理或化学方法已经进行了不同的漆酶固定化方法，以提高其催化性能和重复使用性。新兴技术已被证明可以降低制造过程成本，提高应用可行性，同时寻找可用于支持的生态和经济材料。因此，本文综述了最近研究的酶固定化趋势，分析了为此目的而使用的生物材料和农业工业废物，及其优缺点。最后，这项工作还强调了这些材料的性能以及当前的挑战和潜在的替代品。
