School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 1;689:160-177. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.403. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known endocrine disruptor that poses concerning environmental and human-health related issues and ecological risks. It has been largely used as an intermediate in the manufacture of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Traces of BPA can reach into the environment through inadequate or inefficient removal during wastewater treatment, uncontrolled landfill leachates, and leaching out from the discarded BPA-based materials. Several physicochemical treatment methods including adsorption, Fenton, ozonation, electrochemical and photochemical degradation, and membrane filtration, have been applied for BPA elimination. However, these methods are not adequate for large-scale treatment due to some inherent limitations. Benefiting from high catalytic efficiency and specificity, enzyme-based bio-catalytic degradation strategies are considered quite meaningful alternative for efficient and effective BPA removal from different routes. Among various oxidoreductases, i.e., laccases exhibited a superior potential for the remediation of BPA-containing wastewater. Enzymatic oxidation of BPA can be boosted by using various natural or synthetic redox mediators. Immobilized enzymes can expand their applicability to continuous bioprocessing and facilitates process intensification. Therefore, optimized formulations of insolubilized biocatalysts are of strategic interest in the environmental biotechnology. In this review, recent research studies dealing with BPA removal by the laccase-catalyzed system are presented. At first, the presence of BPA in the ecosystem, sources, exposure, and its impact on the living organisms and human beings is summarized. Then, we highlighted the use of crude as well as immobilized laccases for the degradation of BPA. In addition to toxicity and estrogenicity removal studies, the unresolved challenges, concluding remarks, and possible future direction is proposed in this important research area. It is palpable from the literature reviewed that free as well as immobilized forms of laccases have displayed noteworthy potential for BPA removal from wastewater.
双酚 A（BPA）是一种已知的内分泌干扰物，对环境和人类健康相关问题以及生态风险构成了严重威胁。它被广泛用作环氧树脂和聚碳酸酯塑料制造的中间体。在废水处理过程中，由于去除不充分或效率低下、不受控制的垃圾填埋场渗滤液以及从废弃的含 BPA 材料中浸出等原因，痕量的 BPA 会进入环境。已经应用了几种物理化学处理方法，包括吸附、芬顿、臭氧化、电化学和光化学降解以及膜过滤，用于去除 BPA。然而，由于一些固有的限制，这些方法不适用于大规模处理。基于酶的生物催化降解策略由于具有高效和特异性，因此被认为是从不同途径有效去除 BPA 的非常有意义的替代方法。在各种氧化还原酶中，漆酶对含 BPA 废水的修复表现出更高的潜力。可以通过使用各种天然或合成氧化还原介体来增强 BPA 的酶促氧化。固定化酶可以扩大其在连续生物加工中的应用，并促进过程强化。因此，不可溶生物催化剂的优化配方在环境生物技术中具有战略意义。在这篇综述中，介绍了最近关于漆酶催化体系去除 BPA 的研究。首先，总结了 BPA 在生态系统中的存在、来源、暴露及其对生物体和人类的影响。然后，我们强调了使用粗酶和固定化酶来降解 BPA。除了毒性和雌激素去除研究外，还提出了在这个重要研究领域中的未解决的挑战、结论和可能的未来方向。从综述的文献中可以明显看出，游离和固定化形式的漆酶在去除废水中的 BPA 方面显示出了显著的潜力。
