Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Koblenz University of Applied Sciences, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021 Jun;29(6):870-881. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.016. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with the release of degradative enzymes leading to osteoarthritis (OA) development. Although physical exercise (PE) is generally recognized as beneficial for OA symptoms, excessive training workload and eccentric muscular exercise have increased OA risk. Here, we investigated the effects of excessive exercise workload and exercise type on systemic inflammation and knee joint OA.
Mice were divided into five groups: sedentary (SED), uphill training (TRU), downhill training (TRD), excessive uphill training (ETU), and excessive downhill training (ETD) for an 8-week training intervention protocol.
ETD group had increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) muscles, while ETU group mice had increased cytokine levels in the VL and VM. Total knee joint OARSI score were more significant in ETD group compared to SED and TRU groups. They were also more meaningful for the medial tibial plateau of ETD group compared to SED group. MMP-3 and cleaved Caspase-3 were higher in the ETD group than the SED and TRU group, while Adamts-5 was higher in the ETD group than the SED group. TRU group had increased PRG-4 levels compared to ETU and ETD group. ETD group had decreased total bone volume, trabecular bone volume, and cortical thickness compared to SED group.
Excessive downhill training induced a chronic pro-inflammatory state in mice and was associated with early signs of cartilage and bone degeneration that are clinical indicators of knee OA.
促炎细胞因子水平升高与降解酶的释放有关，导致骨关节炎（OA）的发生。虽然体育锻炼（PE）通常被认为对 OA 症状有益，但过度的训练工作量和离心性肌肉运动增加了 OA 的风险。在这里，我们研究了过度运动工作量和运动类型对全身炎症和膝关节 OA 的影响。
将小鼠分为五组：安静组（SED）、上坡训练组（TRU）、下坡训练组（TRD）、过度上坡训练组（ETU）和过度下坡训练组（ETD），进行为期 8 周的训练干预方案。
ETD 组血清、股外侧肌（VL）和股中间肌（VM）肌肉中的促炎细胞因子增加，而 ETU 组小鼠 VL 和 VM 中的细胞因子水平增加。与 SED 和 TRU 组相比，ETD 组的全膝关节 OARSI 评分更高。与 SED 组相比，ETD 组的内侧胫骨平台更为显著。ETD 组的 MMP-3 和 cleaved Caspase-3 高于 SED 和 TRU 组，而 ADAMTS-5 高于 SED 组。TRU 组的 PRG-4 水平高于 ETU 和 ETD 组。与 SED 组相比，ETD 组的总骨体积、骨小梁体积和皮质厚度减少。
过度下坡训练诱导小鼠产生慢性促炎状态，并与软骨和骨退变的早期迹象相关，这些是膝关节 OA 的临床指标。
