Di Francesco C E, Smoglica C, Profeta F, Farooq M, Di Giannatale E, Toscani T, Marsilio F
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64110 Teramo, Italy.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64110 Teramo, Italy.
Poult Sci. 2021 May;100(5):101084. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101084. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
Antibiotics are routinely used in commercial poultry farms for the treatment of economically important bacterial diseases. Repeated use of antibiotics, usually administered in the feed or drinking water, may also result in the selection of resistant bacteria in animal feces, able to transfer their antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARG), residing on mobile elements, to other microorganisms, including human pathogens. In this study, single and multiplex PCR protocols were performed to detect tetracycline-, lincomycin-, chloramphenicol-, aminoglycoside-, colistin-, vancomycin-, and carbapenem-resistance genes, starting from 38 litter samples collected from 6 poultry and 2 turkey Italian flocks. The ARG were confirmed for all investigated classes of antimicrobials, except for colistin (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3,mcr-4 mcr-5) and carbapenem (IMP, OXA-48, NDM, KPC), while the vanB gene was only detected for vancomycin. The highest positivity was obtained for tetracycline (tet[L], tet[M], tet[K], tetA[P]] and aminoglycoside (aadA2) ARG, confirming the predominant use of these antimicrobials in the veterinary practice and their potential to enhance the resistance patterns also in humans as a consequence of environmental contamination. On the contrary, the dissemination by poultry of ARG for critically important antimicrobials seems to be of minor concern, suggesting a negligible environmental dissemination by these genes in the Italian poultry industry. Finally, the molecular screening performed in this study using a noninvasive sampling method represents a simple and rapid tool for monitoring the ARG patterns at the farm level.
抗生素在商业家禽养殖场中经常被用于治疗具有经济重要性的细菌性疾病。抗生素通常通过饲料或饮用水进行反复使用，这也可能导致在动物粪便中筛选出耐药细菌，这些细菌能够将存在于移动元件上的抗微生物耐药基因（ARG）转移到其他微生物，包括人类病原体。在本研究中，从意大利6个家禽群和2个火鸡群采集的38份垫料样本开始，进行了单重和多重PCR实验，以检测四环素、林可霉素、氯霉素、氨基糖苷、黏菌素、万古霉素和碳青霉烯类耐药基因。除了黏菌素（mcr-1、mcr-2、mcr-3、mcr-4、mcr-5）和碳青霉烯类（IMP、OXA-48、NDM、KPC）外，所有研究的抗菌药物类别均检测到了ARG，而仅在万古霉素检测中发现了vanB基因。四环素（tet[L]、tet[M]、tet[K]、tetA[P]）和氨基糖苷（aadA2）ARG的阳性率最高，证实了这些抗菌药物在兽医实践中的主要使用情况，以及由于环境污染它们在人类中增强耐药模式的可能性。相反，家禽传播对极其重要的抗菌药物的ARG似乎不太受关注，这表明在意大利家禽业中这些基因在环境中的传播可以忽略不计。最后，本研究中使用非侵入性采样方法进行的分子筛选是一种简单快速的工具，可用于监测农场层面的ARG模式。
