Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-guish Street, 31527 Tanta, Egypt; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
Food Chem. 2021 Sep 1;355:129609. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129609. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Valorization of food byproducts has attracted recently considerable attention. Citrus fruits provide considerable non-edible residues reach 80% in juice production. They are considered agri-wastes to comprise peel, pulp and seeds. Previous investigations have focused on peel and pulp to recover value-added products. The review presents for the first-time phytochemical composition of Citrus seeds' products, i.e., oil and extracts. Fatty acids, phytosterols and tocopherols amounted as the major bioactives in Citrus seeds, in addition to limonoids, dietary fibers and flavonoids. Besides their nutritional values, these chemicals have promising applications including production of biodiesel, food enhancers and antioxidants, especially from mandarin and grapefruit seeds. Optimum conditions of the different Citrus seeds' valorization are discussed to improve extraction yield and lessen environmental hazards of solvent extraction. This review presents the best utilization practices for one of the largest cultivated fruit seeds worldwide and its different applications.
食品副产品的增值利用最近引起了相当大的关注。柑橘类水果在榨汁生产过程中会产生大量不可食用的残渣，达到 80%。这些残渣被认为是农业废弃物，包括果皮、果肉和种子。以前的研究主要集中在果皮和果肉上，以回收高附加值产品。本综述首次介绍了柑橘种子产品，即油和提取物的植物化学成分。脂肪酸、植物甾醇和生育酚是柑橘种子中的主要生物活性物质，此外还有柠檬苦素、膳食纤维和类黄酮。除了具有营养价值外，这些化学物质还具有广阔的应用前景，包括生产生物柴油、食品增强剂和抗氧化剂，特别是来自橘柚和葡萄柚的种子。讨论了不同柑橘种子增值的最佳条件，以提高提取产率并减少溶剂提取的环境危害。本综述介绍了全球种植面积最大的水果种子之一及其不同应用的最佳利用实践。
