Chłosta Iwona, Kwolek Dagmara, Sliwinska Elwira, Góralski Grzegorz, Popielarska-Konieczna Marzena
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Kaliskiego 7, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Mar 11;10(3):526. doi: 10.3390/plants10030526.
This is the first report of molecular markers application for the analysis of endosperm-derived callus and nonaploid kiwifruit ( var. formerly: ) plants. As a source of explants, fruits of 'Hayward', the most popular cultivar, were used. Additionally, analyses of the nuclear DNA content and sex were conducted on the regenerated plants. Hexaploid seedlings were used as control for the flow cytometric analyses. Most of the plants (about 90%) regenerated via endosperm-derived callus possessed 2C = 9Cx DNA, which confirmed their endosperm origin and nonaploidy. Because is a dioecious species, and female plants bearing fruits are desired by breeders, it is crucial to identify the sex of an individual at early stages of development. Analyses were conducted with ex vitro and in vitro samples. Results revealed that specific markers for a Y-chromosome applied at the callus stage allowed us to reliably predict the sex of plants regenerated from it. This is a novel application of sex-linked markers for early selection of female and male callus lines when the sex of the initial explants is still unknown, such as fresh isolated embryos and endosperm. It may have significant importance for breeding kiwifruit programs, which involve tissue culture techniques.
这是关于分子标记在胚乳来源愈伤组织和九倍体猕猴桃（原品种： ）植株分析中应用的首次报道。作为外植体来源，使用了最受欢迎的品种‘海沃德’的果实。此外，还对再生植株进行了核DNA含量和性别的分析。六倍体幼苗用作流式细胞术分析的对照。通过胚乳来源愈伤组织再生的大多数植株（约90%）具有2C = 9Cx的DNA，这证实了它们的胚乳起源和九倍体性质。由于 是雌雄异株物种，而育种者需要结果的雌株，因此在发育早期鉴定个体性别至关重要。使用离体和体外样品进行了分析。结果表明，在愈伤组织阶段应用的Y染色体特异性标记使我们能够可靠地预测由此再生的植株的性别。当初始外植体（如新鲜分离的胚和胚乳）的性别仍然未知时，这是性别连锁标记在早期选择雌、雄愈伤组织系中的新应用。它对于涉及组织培养技术的猕猴桃育种计划可能具有重要意义。
