College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
State Cultivation Base of Eco-Agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 7;18(5):2682. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052682.
Wetland ecosystems play one of the most crucial roles in the world. Wetlands have the functions of ecological water storage, water supply, and climate regulation, which plays an indispensable role in global environmental security. The Pumqu River Basin (PRB) is located in an area with extremely vulnerable ecological environment, where climate change is obvious. Understanding wetland distribution, changes and causes in the PRB are of great importance to the rational management and protection of wetlands. Using the Landsat series satellite images, wetlands of this area in 2000, 2010, and 2018 were extracted. The results showed that (1) there were obvious regional differences in wetland types and their distribution patterns in the basin. Wetlands were mainly distributed in areas with slopes less than 12° and at elevations between 4000 m and 5500 m. (2) During the past 20 years, the wetland area in the basin decreased, and the changing trend of wetlands was different. Palustrine wetlands decreased tremendously, riverine and lacustrine wetlands first decreased and then increased, while floodplain wetlands first increased and then decreased. Palustrine wetlands were reclaimed to cultivated land, but the proportion of reclamation is small. (3) Climate dominated wetland changes in the PRB. The changes in riverine and lacustrine wetlands were mainly affected by the warm-season average temperature, the change in palustrine wetlands was mainly related to the annual precipitation and the warm-season average temperature, and the change in floodplain wetlands was related to the warm-season precipitation. To achieve sustainable development, the government plays a guiding role and actively formulates and implements wetland protection policies, such as restricting or prohibiting grazing on wetlands, which play an important role in wetland protection and restoration.
湿地生态系统在全球生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。湿地具有生态蓄水、供水和调节气候的功能，对全球环境安全起着不可或缺的作用。普莫雍错流域（PRB）位于生态环境极其脆弱、气候变化明显的地区。了解 PRB 湿地的分布、变化及其原因，对于湿地的合理管理和保护具有重要意义。本研究利用 Landsat 系列卫星影像，提取了该地区 2000 年、2010 年和 2018 年的湿地数据。结果表明：（1）流域内湿地类型及其分布格局存在明显的区域差异。湿地主要分布在坡度小于 12°、海拔 4000~5500 m 的区域。（2）过去 20 年来，流域湿地面积减少，湿地变化趋势不同。沼泽湿地大幅度减少，河、湖湿地先减少后增加，洪泛湿地先增加后减少。沼泽湿地开垦为耕地，但开垦比例较小。（3）气候主导着 PRB 湿地的变化。河、湖湿地的变化主要受暖季平均气温的影响，沼泽湿地的变化主要与年降水量和暖季平均气温有关，洪泛湿地的变化与暖季降水有关。为了实现可持续发展，政府发挥着引导作用，积极制定和实施湿地保护政策，如限制或禁止在湿地放牧，这些政策在湿地保护和恢复中发挥着重要作用。
