Mackon Enerand, Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon Guibeline Charlie, Ma Yafei, Haneef Kashif Muhammad, Ali Niyaz, Usman Babar, Liu Piqing
State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
Biomolecules. 2021 Mar 7;11(3):394. doi: 10.3390/biom11030394.
Anthocyanins are antioxidants used as natural colorants and are beneficial to human health. Anthocyanins contribute to reactive oxygen species detoxification and sustain plant growth and development under different environmental stresses. They are phenolic compounds that are broadly distributed in nature and are responsible for a wide range of attractive coloration in many plant organs. Anthocyanins are found in various parts of plants such as flowers, leaves, stems, shoots, and grains. Considering their nutritional and health attributes, anthocyanin-enriched rice or pigmented rice cultivars are a possible alternative to reduce malnutrition around the globe. Anthocyanin biosynthesis and storage in rice are complex processes in which several structural and regulatory genes are involved. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the molecular and genetic mechanism of anthocyanins, and their synthesis is of great interest to researchers and the scientific community. However, limited studies have reported anthocyanin synthesis, transportation, and environmental conditions that can hinder anthocyanin production in rice. Rice is a staple food around the globe, and further research on anthocyanin in rice warrants more attention. In this review, metabolic and pre-biotic activities, the underlying transportation, and storage mechanisms of anthocyanins in rice are discussed in detail. This review provides potential information for the food industry and clues for rice breeding and genetic engineering of rice.
花青素是用作天然色素的抗氧化剂，对人体健康有益。花青素有助于清除活性氧，并在不同环境胁迫下维持植物的生长发育。它们是酚类化合物，广泛分布于自然界，是许多植物器官呈现各种诱人颜色的原因。花青素存在于植物的各个部位，如花朵、叶子、茎、嫩枝和谷粒中。鉴于其营养和健康特性，富含花青素的水稻或有色水稻品种可能是减少全球营养不良的一种替代选择。花青素在水稻中的生物合成和储存是复杂的过程，涉及多个结构基因和调控基因。近年来，花青素的分子和遗传机制取得了重大进展，其合成引起了研究人员和科学界的极大兴趣。然而，关于花青素合成、运输以及可能阻碍水稻中花青素产生的环境条件的研究报道有限。水稻是全球的主食，对水稻花青素的进一步研究值得更多关注。在这篇综述中，详细讨论了水稻中花青素的代谢和益生元活性、潜在的运输和储存机制。这篇综述为食品工业提供了潜在信息，并为水稻育种和基因工程提供了线索。
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