Sowula Klaudia, Szaleniec Joanna, Stolcman Kamila, Ceranowicz Piotr, Kocoń Sebastian, Tomik Jerzy
ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 8;10(5):1130. doi: 10.3390/jcm10051130.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as sensorineural hearing loss of 30 dB or more over at least three adjacent audiometric frequencies occurring within a 72-h period of time. One of the causes of SSNHL could be the progressive inflammatory state caused by an infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SSNHL caused by various factors, most importantly those potentially related to Lyme disease.
The study includes a group of 86 patients between the ages of 20 and 70 who were hospitalized due to SSNHL between 2017 and 2018. All of these patients underwent a detailed medical interview and an otolaryngological examination, including audiological and diagnostic tests. Additionally, ELISA and Western blot tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis of Lyme disease.
In this group of 86 patients, nine patients presented with positive antibodies toward Borrelia burgdorferi . This group was treated with antibiotics and experienced partial or complete regression of their deafness. This may suggest a relationship between SSNHL and Lyme disease.
Infections caused by Borrelia burgdorferi may contribute to the development of inflammatory and angiopathic lesions, which are a possible cause of SSNHL. The longer the duration of the infection, the greater the likelihood of permanent and irreversible changes in the vessels of the cochlea or auditory nerve. Therefore, serological tests for Borrelia burgdorferi should be performed during the diagnosis of SSNHL as a possible cause of this illness.
突发性感音神经性听力损失（SSNHL）被定义为在72小时内至少三个相邻听力频率上听力损失30分贝或更多的感音神经性听力损失。SSNHL的病因之一可能是感染引起的进行性炎症状态。本研究的目的是评估由各种因素引起的SSNHL的患病率，最重要的是那些可能与莱姆病相关的因素。
该研究纳入了一组年龄在20至70岁之间、于2017年至2018年因SSNHL住院的86名患者。所有这些患者均接受了详细的医学访谈和耳鼻喉科检查，包括听力和诊断测试。此外，还进行了酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和免疫印迹试验以确诊莱姆病。
在这86名患者中，9名患者对伯氏疏螺旋体的抗体呈阳性。该组患者接受了抗生素治疗，听力部分或完全恢复。这可能表明SSNHL与莱姆病之间存在关联。
伯氏疏螺旋体引起的感染可能导致炎症性和血管性病变的发展，这是SSNHL的可能病因。感染持续时间越长，耳蜗或听神经血管发生永久性和不可逆变化的可能性就越大。因此，在诊断SSNHL时应进行伯氏疏螺旋体的血清学检测，以确定其是否为此病的可能病因。
