Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Istituto per La Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 28;22(7):3497. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073497.
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of cytokines performs a multifunctional signaling, which is integrated and coordinated in a signaling network that involves other pathways, such as Wintless, Forkhead box-O (FOXO) and Hedgehog and regulates pivotal functions related to cell fate in all tissues. In the hematopoietic system, TGF-β signaling controls a wide spectrum of biological processes, from immune system homeostasis to the quiescence and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Recently an important role in post-transcription regulation has been attributed to two type of ncRNAs: microRNAs and pseudogenes. , due to its philogenetic position close to vertebrates, is an excellent model to investigate mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation evolutionarily highly conserved in immune homeostasis. The combined use of NGS and bioinformatic analyses suggests that in the pharynx, the hematopoietic organ of , the Tgf-β, Wnt, Hedgehog and FoxO pathways are involved in tissue homeostasis, as they are in human. Furthermore, ceRNA network interactions and 3'UTR elements analyses of Tgf-β, Wnt, Hedgehog and FoxO pathways genes suggest that different miRNAs conserved (cin-let-7d, cin-mir-92c, cin-mir-153), species-specific (cin-mir-4187, cin-mir-4011a, cin-mir-4056, cin-mir-4150, cin-mir-4189, cin-mir-4053, cin-mir-4016, cin-mir-4075), pseudogenes (ENSCING00000011392, ENSCING00000018651, ENSCING00000007698) and mRNA 3'UTR elements are involved in post-transcriptional regulation in an integrated way in .
转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）细胞因子家族发挥着多功能的信号作用，这种信号作用在一个信号网络中被整合和协调，该网络涉及其他途径，如 Wntless、叉头框-O（FOXO）和 Hedgehog，并调节与所有组织中细胞命运相关的关键功能。在造血系统中，TGF-β信号控制着从免疫系统稳态到造血干细胞（HSCs）的静止和自我更新的广泛的生物学过程。最近，两种类型的非编码 RNA（miRNA 和假基因）在转录后调节中发挥了重要作用。非洲爪蟾由于其接近脊椎动物的系统发育位置，是研究在免疫稳态中高度保守的转录后调控进化机制的理想模型。NGS 和生物信息学分析的结合表明，在非洲爪蟾的咽部造血器官中，TGF-β、Wnt、Hedgehog 和 FoxO 途径参与组织稳态，就像在人类中一样。此外，TGF-β、Wnt、Hedgehog 和 FoxO 途径基因的 ceRNA 网络相互作用和 3'UTR 元件分析表明，不同的 miRNA 保守（cin-let-7d、cin-mir-92c、cin-mir-153）、物种特异性（cin-mir-4187、cin-mir-4011a、cin-mir-4056、cin-mir-4150、cin-mir-4189、cin-mir-4053、cin-mir-4016、cin-mir-4075）、假基因（ENSCING00000011392、ENSCING00000018651、ENSCING00000007698）和 mRNA 3'UTR 元件以一种综合的方式参与转录后调控。
