Shahzad Uswa, Krumholtz Stacey, Rutka James T, Das Sunit
Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Mar 28;13(7):1555. doi: 10.3390/cancers13071555.
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of genomic regulators, ushering in a new era in molecular biology. With the advent of advanced genetic sequencing technology, several different classes of ncRNAs have been uncovered, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which have been linked to many important developmental and disease processes and are being pursued as clinical and therapeutic targets. Molecular phenotyping studies of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal cancer of the adult brain, revealed that several ncRNAs are frequently dysregulated in its pathogenesis. Additionally, ncRNAs regulate many important aspects of glioma biology including tumour cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and self-renewal. Here, we present an overview of the biogenesis of the different classes of ncRNAs, discuss their biological roles, as well as their relevance to gliomagenesis. We conclude by discussing potential approaches to therapeutically target the ncRNAs in clinic.
非编码RNA（ncRNAs）已成为一类新型的基因组调控因子，开创了分子生物学的新纪元。随着先进基因测序技术的出现，已发现了几种不同类型的ncRNAs，包括微小RNA（miRNAs）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）、环状RNA（circRNAs）和piwi相互作用RNA（piRNAs），它们与许多重要的发育和疾病过程相关，并正被作为临床和治疗靶点进行研究。对成人大脑中最常见且致命的癌症——胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的分子表型研究表明，几种ncRNAs在其发病机制中经常失调。此外，ncRNAs调节胶质瘤生物学的许多重要方面，包括肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡、血管生成和自我更新。在此，我们概述了不同类型ncRNAs的生物合成，讨论了它们的生物学作用以及与胶质瘤发生的相关性。最后，我们讨论了在临床上针对ncRNAs进行治疗的潜在方法。
