Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 6;18(5):2652. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052652.
The levels of trace elements in whole blood and plasma have been widely used for assessing nutritional status and monitoring exposure and can vary widely in populations from different geographical regions. In this study, whole blood samples ( = 120) and plasma samples ( = 120) were obtained from healthy donors attending the Red Cross Blood Bank (Queensland Red Cross Blood Service), which provided information for age and sex. There were 71 males (age range: 19-73 years) and 49 females (age range: 18-72 years) for whole blood samples, and 59 males (age range: 19-81 years) and 61 females (age range: 19-73 years) for plasma samples. The main aim of the study was to provide information on blood reference levels of 21 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Bi, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn) in Queensland. The study also aimed to assess differences in trace element blood levels between males and females and the effect of age. The trace element levels in blood samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the standard reference materials of Seronorm (Trace Elements Whole Blood) and UTAK (Trace Elements Serum) were used for quality control and assurance. The study found wide variations of trace element levels in whole blood and plasma, and generally the levels were comparable to other countries. No detectable levels were found for Bi, Cr, U and V in whole blood, but V levels were found in plasma samples. There were significant differences between males and females for whole blood Cu ( < 0.001), I ( = 0.009), Tl ( = 0.016) and Zn ( = 0.016). Significant differences were also found for plasma Cu ( < 0.001) and Se ( = 0.003) between males and females. There were trends of increased levels of blood Pb, Se and Zn with age. The study has provided further information on a wide range of trace elements in blood as reference levels for Queensland and Australia which are currently lacking.
全血和血浆中的微量元素水平已被广泛用于评估营养状况和监测暴露情况，并且在来自不同地理区域的人群中差异很大。在这项研究中，从参加红十字会献血站（昆士兰红十字会献血服务处）的健康献血者中采集了全血样本（= 120）和血浆样本（= 120），这些样本提供了年龄和性别信息。全血样本中有 71 名男性（年龄范围：19-73 岁）和 49 名女性（年龄范围：18-72 岁），血浆样本中有 59 名男性（年龄范围：19-81 岁）和 61 名女性（年龄范围：19-73 岁）。该研究的主要目的是提供昆士兰州 21 种微量元素（Ag、Al、As、Bi、Br、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、I、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Tl、U、V、Zn）的血液参考水平信息。该研究还旨在评估男性和女性之间微量元素血液水平的差异以及年龄的影响。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）分析血液样本中的微量元素水平，并使用 Seronorm（微量元素全血）和 UTAK（微量元素血清）的标准参考物质进行质量控制和保证。研究发现全血和血浆中的微量元素水平差异很大，一般与其他国家相当。在全血中未检测到 Bi、Cr、U 和 V，但在血浆样本中检测到 V。全血 Cu（<0.001）、I（=0.009）、Tl（=0.016）和 Zn（=0.016）男女之间存在显著差异。全血 Cu（<0.001）和 Se（=0.003）男女之间也存在显著差异。血液 Pb、Se 和 Zn 的水平随年龄呈上升趋势。该研究为昆士兰州和澳大利亚提供了广泛的血液微量元素参考水平信息，目前这方面的信息还很缺乏。
