Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 27;22(7):3469. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073469.
Metabolic dysfunction is a comorbidity of many types of cancers. Disruption of glucose metabolism is of concern, as it is associated with higher cancer recurrence rates and reduced survival. Current evidence suggests many health benefits from exercise during and after cancer treatment, yet only a limited number of studies have addressed the effect of exercise on cancer-associated disruption of metabolism. In this review, we draw on studies in cells, rodents, and humans to describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in cancer and the tissues involved. We discuss how the known effects of acute exercise and exercise training observed in healthy subjects could have a positive outcome on mechanisms in people with cancer, namely: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cachexia. Finally, we compile the current limited knowledge of how exercise corrects metabolic control in cancer and identify unanswered questions for future research.
代谢功能障碍是多种癌症的合并症。葡萄糖代谢的破坏受到关注，因为它与更高的癌症复发率和降低的生存率有关。目前的证据表明，在癌症治疗期间和之后进行运动有许多健康益处，但只有少数研究探讨了运动对与癌症相关的代谢紊乱的影响。在这篇综述中，我们借鉴了细胞、啮齿动物和人类的研究，描述了癌症中观察到的代谢功能障碍以及涉及的组织。我们讨论了在健康受试者中观察到的急性运动和运动训练的已知影响如何对癌症患者的机制产生积极影响，即：胰岛素抵抗、高脂血症、线粒体功能障碍、炎症和恶病质。最后，我们总结了目前关于运动如何纠正癌症中代谢控制的有限知识，并为未来的研究确定了未解决的问题。
