AlMohammed Hamdan I, Khudair Khalaf Amal, E Albalawi Aishah, Alanazi Abdullah D, Baharvand Parastoo, Moghaddam Ali, Mahmoudvand Hossein
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Thiqar, Thiqar 0096442, Iraq.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Mar 10;11(3):689. doi: 10.3390/nano11030689.
The current chemotherapy agents against various forms of leishmaniasis have some problems and side effects, including high toxicity, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains. Here, we aimed to review the preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) on the anti-leishmanial activity of chitosan and chitosan-based particles against spp.
This study was conducted based on the 06-PRISMA guidelines and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Various English databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were used to find the publications related to the anti-leishmanial effects of chitosan and its derivatives and other pharmaceutical formulations, without a date limitation, to find all the published articles. The keywords included "chitosan", "chitosan nanoparticles", "anti-leishmanial", "", "leishmaniasis", "cutaneous leishmaniasis", "visceral leishmaniasis", "in vitro", and "in vivo". The language for data collection were limited to English.
Of 2669 papers, 25 papers, including 7 in vitro (28.0%), 7 in vivo (28.0%), and 11 in vitro/in vivo (44.0%) studies conducted up to 2020 met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most common species of used in these studies were (12, 48.0%), (7, 28.0%), and (4, 16.80%). In vivo, the most used animals were BALB/c mice (11, 61.1%) followed by hamsters (6, 33.3%) and Wistar rats (1, 5.5%), respectively. In vitro, the most used form was amastigote (8, 44.4%), followed by promastigote (4, 22.2%), and both forms promastigote/amastigote (6, 33.3%).
According to the literature, different types of drugs based on chitosan and their derivatives demonstrated considerable in vitro and in vivo anti-leishmanial activity against various spp. Based on the findings of this review study, chitosan and its derivatives could be considered as an alternative and complementary source of valuable components against leishmaniasis with a high safety index. Nevertheless, more investigations are required to elaborate on this result, mainly in clinical settings.
目前用于治疗各种形式利什曼病的化疗药物存在一些问题和副作用，包括高毒性、高成本以及耐药菌株的出现。在此，我们旨在综述壳聚糖及其基颗粒对利什曼原虫的抗利什曼活性的临床前研究（体外和体内）。
本研究依据PRISMA指南进行，并在CAMARADES-NC3Rs临床前系统评价与荟萃分析工具（SyRF）数据库中注册。使用了各种英文数据库，如PubMed、谷歌学术、科学网、EBSCO、ScienceDirect和Scopus，以查找与壳聚糖及其衍生物和其他药物制剂的抗利什曼作用相关的出版物，无日期限制，以找到所有已发表的文章。关键词包括“壳聚糖”、“壳聚糖纳米颗粒”、“抗利什曼”、“利什曼病 ”、“皮肤利什曼病”、“内脏利什曼病”、“体外”和“体内”。数据收集语言限于英语。
在2669篇论文中，截至2020年进行的25篇论文符合本系统评价中讨论的纳入标准，其中包括7篇体外研究（28.0%）、7篇体内研究（28.0%）和11篇体外/体内研究（44.0%）。这些研究中最常用的利什曼原虫种类是杜氏利什曼原虫（12种，48.0%）、热带利什曼原虫（7种，28.0%）和硕大利什曼原虫（4种，16.80%）。在体内，最常用的动物分别是BALB/c小鼠（11只，61.1%），其次是仓鼠（6只，33.3%）和Wistar大鼠（1只，5.5%）。在体外，最常用的利什曼原虫形态是无鞭毛体（8种，44.4%），其次是前鞭毛体（4种，22.2%），以及前鞭毛体/无鞭毛体两种形态（6种，33.3%）。
根据文献，不同类型的基于壳聚糖及其衍生物的药物对各种利什曼原虫种类在体外和体内均表现出显著的抗利什曼活性。基于本综述研究的结果，壳聚糖及其衍生物可被视为一种具有高安全指数的、对抗利什曼病的有价值成分的替代和补充来源。然而，需要更多的研究来阐述这一结果，主要是在临床环境中。
