Albalawi Aishah E, Alanazi Abdullah D, Baharvand Parastoo, Sepahvand Maryam, Mahmoudvand Hossein
Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47912, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, P.O. Box 1040, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, Saudi Arabia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Dec 17;10(12):2538. doi: 10.3390/nano10122538.
Since there is no potential, effective vaccine available, treatment is the only controlling option against hydatid cyst or cystic echinococcosis (CE). This study was designed to systematically review the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo effects of nanoparticles against hydatid cyst. The study was carried out based on the 06- PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Facility (SyRF) database. The search was performed in five English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar without time limitation for publications around the world about the protoscolicdal effects of all the organic and inorganic nanoparticles without date limitation in order to identify all the published articles (in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo). The searched words and terms were: "nanoparticles", "hydatid cyst", "protoscoleces", "cystic echinococcosis", "metal nanoparticles", "organic nanoparticles", "inorganic nanoparticles, "in vitro", ex vivo", "in vivo". Out of 925 papers, 29 papers including 15 in vitro (51.7%), 6 in vivo (20.7%), ex vivo 2 (6.9%), and 6 in vitro/in vivo (20.7%) up to 2020 met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The results demonstrated the most widely used nanoparticles in the studies were metal nanoparticles such as selenium, silver, gold, zinc, copper, iron nanoparticles ( 8, 28.6%), and metal oxide nanoparticles such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, zirconium dioxide, and silicon dioxide ( 8, 28.6%), followed by polymeric nanoparticles such as chitosan and chitosan-based nanoparticles ( 7, 25.0%). The results of this review showed the high efficacy of a wide range of organic and inorganic NPs against CE, indicating that nanoparticles could be considered as an alternative and complementary resource for CE treatment. The results demonstrated that the most widely used nanoparticles for hydatid cyst treatment were metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles, followed by polymeric nanoparticles. We found that the most compatible drugs with nanoparticles were albendazole, followed by praziquantel and flubendazole, indicating a deeper understanding about the synergistic effects of nanoparticles and the present anti-parasitic drugs for treating hydatid cysts. The important point about using these nanoparticles is their toxicity; therefore, cytotoxicity as well as acute and chronic toxicities of these nanoparticles should be considered in particular. As a limitation, in the present study, although most of the studies have been performed in vitro, more studies are needed to confirm the effect of these nanoparticles as well as their exact mechanisms in the hydatid cyst treatment, especially in animal models and clinical settings.
由于目前尚无有效的潜在疫苗，治疗是控制包虫囊肿或囊型棘球蚴病（CE）的唯一选择。本研究旨在系统评价纳米颗粒对包虫囊肿的体外、体内和离体效应。该研究依据PRISMA指南进行，并在CAMARADES-NC3Rs临床前系统评价和荟萃分析机构（SyRF）数据库中注册。检索在五个英文数据库中进行，包括Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE和谷歌学术，对世界各地关于所有有机和无机纳米颗粒原头蚴效应的出版物无时间限制，以识别所有已发表的文章（体外、体内和离体）。检索词为：“纳米颗粒”、“包虫囊肿”、“原头节”、“囊型棘球蚴病”、“金属纳米颗粒”、“有机纳米颗粒”、“无机纳米颗粒”、“体外”、“离体”、“体内”。在925篇论文中，截至2020年，有29篇论文符合纳入标准可在本系统评价中讨论，其中15篇为体外研究（51.7%）、6篇为体内研究（20.7%）、2篇为离体研究（6.9%）、6篇为体外/体内研究（20.7%）。结果表明，研究中使用最广泛的纳米颗粒是金属纳米颗粒，如硒、银、金、锌、铜、铁纳米颗粒（8篇，28.6%），以及金属氧化物纳米颗粒，如氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化铈、二氧化锆和二氧化硅（8篇，28.6%），其次是聚合物纳米颗粒，如壳聚糖和壳聚糖基纳米颗粒（7篇，25.0%）。本综述结果显示，多种有机和无机纳米颗粒对囊型棘球蚴病具有高效，表明纳米颗粒可被视为囊型棘球蚴病治疗的替代和补充资源。结果表明，用于治疗包虫囊肿最广泛使用的纳米颗粒是金属纳米颗粒和金属氧化物纳米颗粒，其次是聚合物纳米颗粒。我们发现与纳米颗粒最相容的药物是阿苯达唑，其次是吡喹酮和氟苯达唑，这表明对纳米颗粒与现有抗寄生虫药物治疗包虫囊肿的协同效应有了更深入的了解。使用这些纳米颗粒的重要问题是它们的毒性；因此，应特别考虑这些纳米颗粒的细胞毒性以及急性和慢性毒性。作为一个局限性，在本研究中，尽管大多数研究是在体外进行的，但仍需要更多研究来证实这些纳米颗粒的效果及其在包虫囊肿治疗中的确切机制，尤其是在动物模型和临床环境中。
