College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
Satellite Environment Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 3;18(5):2490. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052490.
The ecological system is the basis of human survival and global environmental protection. In the process of development, countries will pay close attention to the changing state of the ecosystem. Taking the ecosystem pattern as the research object, a three-layer analysis method was proposed. The transfer matrix and landscape index were used as the first layer to analyze the basic changes. Grey correlation, range-coupling coordination and relative priority were used as the second layer to analyze the reasons of the change. The interval-entropy weight, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution), was used as the third layer to evaluate the quality of the change. The ten counties in the worst-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake were analyzed from different angles, with county region, intensity zone and ecosystem as the objects, and the following results were obtained: (1) Taking Mianzhu City as an example, from 2000 to 2010 and 2018, the conversion ratio of forest, grassland and farmland is 54.24, 59.19, 17.21, 20.06, 37.39 and 52.86%, which were distributed in the north, central and southern parts, respectively. (2) Taking the ninth intensity zone as an example, the forest landscape fragmentation increased, disturbance decreased, and species diversity increased. There is a high influence and restriction relationship between ecosystem and landscape pattern in the total landscape area change. Additionally, the relationship between them tends to develop in a benign way. As of 2018, it is in the change state of moderate imbalance-ecosystem lag. (3) Taking the county ecosystem change as an example, urban type is the best in the counties of ecosystem change, of which Shifang is the best and Pingwu is the worst. The results show that this method can effectively compare and analyze the changes in the multi-regional ecosystem pattern, which has the characteristics of universality and can also be applied to the research of ecosystem pattern change in special regions.
生态系统是人类生存和全球环境保护的基础。在发展过程中，各国将密切关注生态系统的变化状态。以生态系统格局为研究对象，提出了一种三层分析方法。利用转移矩阵和景观指数作为第一层，分析基本变化；利用灰色关联度、范围耦合协调度和相对优先级作为第二层，分析变化的原因；利用区间熵权、逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）作为第三层，评价变化的质量。从不同角度对汶川地震重灾区的 10 个县进行了分析，以县区域、强度区和生态系统为对象，得到以下结果：（1）以绵竹市为例，2000 年至 2010 年和 2018 年，森林、草地和农田的转化比例分别为 54.24、59.19、17.21、20.06、37.39 和 52.86%，分别分布在北部、中部和南部。（2）以第九强度区为例，森林景观破碎化增加，干扰减少，物种多样性增加。在总景观面积变化中，生态系统与景观格局之间存在高度的影响和制约关系。此外，它们之间的关系趋于良性发展。截至 2018 年，处于中度不平衡-生态系统滞后的变化状态。（3）以县生态系统变化为例，在生态系统变化的各县中，城市类型的生态系统状况最好，其中什邡市最好，平武县最差。结果表明，该方法能够有效地比较和分析多区域生态系统格局的变化，具有普遍性，也可应用于特殊区域生态系统格局变化的研究。
