College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 4;20(4):2792. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042792.
Urban agglomerations are the main form of China's future promotion of new urbanization development. Nevertheless, their accelerated expansion and development are increasingly threatening the security of regional ecosystems. The identification and optimization of ecological safety patterns (ESPs) is the fundamental spatial way to guarantee the ecological safety of urban circles and realize the sustainable development of the socio-economic and ecological environment. Nevertheless, from the perspective of urban green, low-carbon, and ecological restoration, regional safety evaluation still lacks a complete framework integrating ecological elements and social and natural indicators. Moreover, the evaluation method of ESPs also has a lack of judgment on the long-term change dynamics of regional landscape ecological risks and ecosystem service values. Thus, we proposed a new regional ecological security evaluation system based on ecosystem service value (ESV) and landscape ecological risk (LER), using the Wuhan urban agglomeration (WUA) as the research object. This study analyzed LER and ESV's spatial and temporal changes over nearly 40 years from 1980 to 2020. LER and LSV were used as ecological elements combined with natural and human-social elements to jointly model the resistance surface of the landscape pattern. Applying the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR), we identified green ecological corridors, constructed the ESPs of WUA, and proposed optimization measures. Our results show that: (1) The proportion of higher- and high-ecological-risk areas in WUA has decreased from 19.30% to 13.51% over the past 40 years. Over time, a "low-high-low" hierarchical distribution characteristic centered on Wuhan city was gradually formed in the east, south, and north; the total value of ecosystem services increased from CNY1110.998 billion to CNY1160.698 billion. The ESV was higher in the northeastern, southern, and central parts of the area. (2) This study selected 30 ecological source areas with a total area of about 14,374 km and constructed and identified 24 ecological corridors and 42 ecological nodes, forming a multi-level ecological network optimization pattern with intertwined points, lines, and surfaces, increasing the connectivity of the ecological network and improving the ecological security level of the study area to a large extent, which is of great significance to promote the ecological priority and green-rise strategy of WUA and the high-quality development path of the green ecological shelter.
城市群是中国未来推进新型城镇化发展的主要形式。然而，它们的加速扩张和发展正日益威胁着区域生态系统的安全。识别和优化生态安全格局（ESP）是保障城市圈生态安全、实现社会经济与生态环境可持续发展的根本空间途径。然而，从城市绿色、低碳和生态修复的角度来看，区域安全评价仍然缺乏一个完整的框架，将生态要素和社会自然指标综合起来。此外，ESP 的评价方法也缺乏对区域景观生态风险和生态系统服务价值长期变化动态的判断。因此，我们提出了一个基于生态系统服务价值（ESV）和景观生态风险（LER）的新的区域生态安全评价体系，以武汉城市群（WUA）为研究对象。本研究分析了 1980 年至 2020 年近 40 年来 LER 和 ESV 的时空变化。LER 和 LSV 被用作生态要素，并与自然和人类社会要素相结合，共同构建景观格局的阻力面。应用最小累积阻力模型（MCR），我们确定了绿色生态廊道，构建了 WUA 的 ESP，并提出了优化措施。研究结果表明：（1）过去 40 年来，WUA 中高生态风险和高生态风险区域的比例从 19.30%下降到 13.51%。随着时间的推移，一个以武汉市为中心的“低-高-低”层次分布特征逐渐形成，范围向东、南、北三个方向扩展；生态系统服务总价值从 11109.998 亿元增加到 11606.988 亿元，区域东北、南部和中部的生态系统服务价值较高。（2）本研究选择了总面积约 14374km 的 30 个生态源区，构建并识别了 24 条生态廊道和 42 个生态节点，形成了一个点、线、面交织的多层次生态网络优化格局，极大地提高了生态网络的连通性，提高了研究区的生态安全水平，对推动武汉城市群的生态优先和绿色崛起战略以及绿色生态庇护的高质量发展路径具有重要意义。
