Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco.
Research Team on the Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, B.P. 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco.
Molecules. 2021 Mar 17;26(6):1677. doi: 10.3390/molecules26061677.
Ker Gawl. is one of the medicinal plants used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Morocco. This study aims to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of seed oil (ODSO), its mechanism of action, and any hypoglycemic risk and toxic effects. The antihyperglycemic effect was assessed using the OGTT test in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The mechanisms of action were explored by studying the effect of ODSO on the intestinal absorption of d-glucose using the intestinal in situ single-pass perfusion technique. An Ussing chamber was used to explore the effects of ODSO on intestinal sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). Additionally, ODSO's effect on carbohydrate degrading enzymes, pancreatic α-amylase, and intestinal α-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using STZ-diabetic rats. The acute toxicity test on mice was performed, along with a single-dose hypoglycemic effect test. The results showed that ODSO significantly attenuated the postprandial hyperglycemia in normal and STZ-diabetic rats. Indeed, ODSO significantly decreased the intestinal d-glucose absorption in situ. The ex vivo test (Ussing chamber) showed that the ODSO significantly blocks the SGLT1 (IC = 60.24 µg/mL). Moreover, ODSO indu\ced a significant inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase (IC = 278 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and pancreatic α-amylase (IC = 0.81 ± 0.09 mg/mL) in vitro. A significant decrease of postprandial hyperglycemia was observed in sucrose/starch-loaded normal and STZ-diabetic ODSO-treated rats. On the other hand, ODSO had no risk of hypoglycemia on the basal glucose levels in normal rats. Therefore, no toxic effect was observed in ODSO-treated mice up to 7 mL/kg. The results of this study suggest that ODSO could be suitable as an antidiabetic functional food.
格尔氏滨藜是摩洛哥用于预防和治疗糖尿病（DM）的药用植物之一。本研究旨在探讨其籽油（ODSO）的降血糖作用、作用机制以及任何降血糖风险和毒性作用。采用 OGTT 试验在正常和链脲佐菌素（STZ）-糖尿病大鼠中评估其降血糖作用。通过使用肠原位单次通过灌流技术研究 ODSO 对 d-葡萄糖肠吸收的影响来探索其作用机制。使用 Ussing 室研究 ODSO 对肠钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白 1（SGLT1）的影响。此外，在 STZ-糖尿病大鼠中评估 ODSO 对碳水化合物降解酶、胰腺α-淀粉酶和肠α-葡萄糖苷酶的体外和体内作用。对小鼠进行急性毒性试验和单次剂量降血糖作用试验。结果表明，ODSO 可显著减轻正常和 STZ-糖尿病大鼠的餐后高血糖。事实上，ODSO 可显著降低肠内 d-葡萄糖的原位吸收。离体试验（Ussing 室）表明，ODSO 可显著阻断 SGLT1（IC = 60.24 µg/mL）。此外，ODSO 在体外诱导肠α-葡萄糖苷酶（IC = 278 ± 0.01 µg/mL）和胰腺α-淀粉酶（IC = 0.81 ± 0.09 mg/mL）显著抑制。在 ODSO 处理的正常和 STZ-糖尿病蔗糖/淀粉负荷大鼠中，观察到餐后高血糖显著降低。另一方面，ODSO 对正常大鼠的基础血糖水平没有低血糖风险。因此，在 7 mL/kg 剂量下，在 ODSO 处理的小鼠中未观察到毒性作用。本研究结果表明，ODSO 可用作抗糖尿病功能性食品。
