Departamento de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 17;18(6):3098. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063098.
To analyze the characteristics of multicomponent interventions to reduce childhood overweight and obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate.
A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. MEDLINE, PsycNet, SciELO, and grey literature databases were reviewed in the period between 2010 and 2020.
29 articles were included ( = 4434 participants; 9.3 years; 56% women) with an average adherence of 86%, 100% being the highest adherence, for the physical activity and nutrition interventions. The primary variables studied were BMI, BMI Z-score BMI-SDS and, additionally, the secondary variables studied were nutritional status and physical and mental health. In 72% of the interventions presented, positive effects were seen on the reduction of BMI, including in parents and their children. The interventions were carried out mainly by nutritionists in health centers. The duration of the 29 interventions was ≤6 months and ≥12 months, in 59% and 41% of the studies, respectively. 57% of the studies reported post-intervention results. 86% of the interventions included a physical activity component, 80% included a nutrition component, 66% included a behavioral therapy component and 55% included an education component. Concerning the effects of the intervention on the primary outcome, in interventions with a duration equal to or less than six months, the most effective interventions included recreational activities, education, and nutritional programs. In interventions lasting 12 months or more, the most effective interventions included physical activity recommendations, nutritional and physical exercise programs, and cooking classes.
This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of, and characterized, multicomponent interventions lasting for 6 and 12 months, aiming to treat childhood obesity in extremely cold climates. The most frequently used units of measurement were also analyzed and summarized. Evidence derived from RCT. These results can be useful for designing future interventions to treat childhood obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate.
分析在极寒气候地区减少儿童超重和肥胖的多成分干预措施的特点。
按照 PRISMA 声明进行系统评价。在 2010 年至 2020 年期间，审查了 MEDLINE、PsycNet、SciELO 和灰色文献数据库。
共纳入 29 篇文章（=4434 名参与者；9.3 岁；56%为女性），其平均依从性为 86%，最高依从性为 100%，适用于体育活动和营养干预措施。研究的主要变量是 BMI、BMI Z 分数、BMI-SDS，此外，研究的次要变量是营养状况和身心健康。在 72%的干预措施中，体重指数的降低都产生了积极的影响，包括父母和孩子。这些干预措施主要由卫生中心的营养师实施。29 项干预措施的持续时间≤6 个月和≥12 个月的分别占 59%和 41%。57%的研究报告了干预后的结果。86%的干预措施包括体育活动成分，80%包括营养成分，66%包括行为疗法成分，55%包括教育成分。关于干预对主要结局的影响，在持续时间等于或小于 6 个月的干预措施中，最有效的干预措施包括娱乐活动、教育和营养计划。在持续 12 个月或更长时间的干预措施中，最有效的干预措施包括体力活动建议、营养和体育锻炼计划以及烹饪课程。
本系统评价分析了在极寒气候地区治疗儿童肥胖症的 6 个月和 12 个月多成分干预措施的有效性，并对其进行了特征描述。还分析和总结了最常用的测量单位。证据来源于 RCT。这些结果可用于设计未来在极寒气候地区治疗儿童肥胖症的干预措施。
