Molecular and Computational Biology, Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Genetic, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Mar 17;13(3):497. doi: 10.3390/v13030497.
lipoprotein mRNA diting atalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins belong to a family of deaminase proteins that can catalyze the deamination of cytosine to uracil on single-stranded DNA or/and RNA. APOBEC proteins are involved in diverse biological functions, including adaptive and innate immunity, which are critical for restricting viral infection and endogenous retroelements. Dysregulation of their functions can cause undesired genomic mutations and RNA modification, leading to various associated diseases, such as hyper-IgM syndrome and cancer. This review focuses on the structural and biochemical data on the multimerization status of individual APOBECs and the associated functional implications. Many APOBECs form various multimeric complexes, and multimerization is an important way to regulate functions for some of these proteins at several levels, such as deaminase activity, protein stability, subcellular localization, protein storage and activation, virion packaging, and antiviral activity. The multimerization of some APOBECs is more complicated than others, due to the associated complex RNA binding modes.
载脂蛋白 B mRNA 编辑酶催化多肽样蛋白（APOBEC）属于脱氨酶蛋白家族，可催化单链 DNA 或/和 RNA 上胞嘧啶脱氨变成尿嘧啶。APOBEC 蛋白参与多种生物学功能，包括适应性和先天性免疫，对限制病毒感染和内源性逆转录元件至关重要。其功能失调会导致非预期的基因组突变和 RNA 修饰，从而导致各种相关疾病，如高免疫球蛋白 M 综合征和癌症。本综述重点介绍了单个 APOBEC 蛋白的多聚化状态及其相关功能意义的结构和生化数据。许多 APOBEC 蛋白形成各种多聚体复合物，多聚化是调节这些蛋白在多个水平上功能的重要方式，如脱氨酶活性、蛋白质稳定性、亚细胞定位、蛋白质储存和激活、病毒包装和抗病毒活性。由于相关的复杂 RNA 结合模式，一些 APOBEC 蛋白的多聚化比其他蛋白更复杂。
