Nikolov Asparuh, Popovski Nikola
Cardiovascular Research Working Group, Division of Medicine, Institute for Scientific Research, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.
Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Pleven, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Mar 9;11(3):480. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11030480.
Gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9) are enzymes from the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family, which are associated with collagen degradation. MMP-2 is capable of cleaving gelatine, types I and IV collagens, while MMP-9 is incapable of direct proteolysis of collagen I and digests collagen type IV. MMP-2 and -9 are both important regulators of vascular and uterine remodeling in a healthy pregnancy. Alterations in the collagen structure of the uterus and spiral arteries are observed in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Dysregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 has been implicated in abnormal vasodilation, placentation, and uterine expansion in preeclampsia. Early preeclampsia detection is paramount for risk stratification and prevention of further complications. Understanding the role of MMP-2 and-9 in uteroplacental and vascular remodeling could help design new approaches for prediction and management of preeclampsia. This review presents a general survey of MMP-2 and MMP-9 faulty regulation and impaired collagen types I and IV turnover in complicated pregnancies. Their potential role as circulating markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of preeclampsia development is discussed as well.
明胶酶（基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9）是基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）家族的酶，与胶原蛋白降解有关。MMP-2能够切割明胶、I型和IV型胶原蛋白，而MMP-9不能直接对I型胶原蛋白进行蛋白水解，但能消化IV型胶原蛋白。MMP-2和-9在正常妊娠中都是血管和子宫重塑的重要调节因子。患有妊娠高血压疾病的女性会出现子宫和螺旋动脉胶原蛋白结构的改变。MMP-2和MMP-9的失调与子痫前期的血管舒张异常、胎盘形成和子宫扩张有关。早期子痫前期检测对于风险分层和预防进一步并发症至关重要。了解MMP-2和-9在子宫胎盘和血管重塑中的作用有助于设计子痫前期预测和管理的新方法。本综述对复杂妊娠中MMP-2和MMP-9调节异常以及I型和IV型胶原蛋白周转受损进行了概述。还讨论了它们作为子痫前期诊断、预后和发展监测的循环标志物的潜在作用。
