1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 18;18(6):3136. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063136.
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data regarding the influence of extremely intensive training on CVD are scarce. We compared EAT volume among ultra-marathon runners and in the sedentary control group, and assessed the correlations between EAT and risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD). EAT volume around three main coronary vessels and right ventricle (RV) was measured in 30 healthy amateur ultrarunners and 9 sex- and age-matched sedentary controls using cardiac magnetic resonance. In addition, body composition, lipid profile, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma concentration, and intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured as well. The EAT volume was lower in all measured locations in the ultrarunners' group compared to control group ( < 0.001 for all). Ultrarunners had lower BMI and fat percentage (FAT%) and more favorable lipid profile compared to the control group ( < 0.05 for all). Ultrarunners had lower rate of pathologically high levels of plasma IL-6 (>1 pg/mL) compared to the control group (17% vs. 56%, < 0.05). IMT was similar in both groups. In the ultrarunners' group, there was a positive correlation between EAT surrounding left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery, and RV and FAT%, and between EAT around circumflex artery and LDL and non-HDL cholesterol ( < 0.05 for all). In summary, extremely intensive training may decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in adult population of amateur athletes by reducing the amount and pro-inflammatory activity of EAT. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions regarding the anti- and pro-inflammatory effects of intensive training.
心外膜脂肪组织(EAT)体积与心血管疾病(CVD)有关。关于极强度训练对 CVD 影响的数据很少。我们比较了超级马拉松运动员和久坐不动的对照组之间的 EAT 体积,并评估了 EAT 与冠状动脉疾病(CAD)危险因素之间的相关性。使用心脏磁共振在 30 名健康的业余超级马拉松运动员和 9 名性别和年龄匹配的久坐不动的对照组中测量了三个主要冠状动脉和右心室(RV)周围的 EAT 体积。此外,还测量了身体成分、血脂谱、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)血浆浓度和内膜中层厚度(IMT)。与对照组相比,所有测量部位的 EAT 体积在超级马拉松运动员组中均较低(所有部位均 <0.001)。与对照组相比,超级马拉松运动员的 BMI 和脂肪百分比(FAT%)较低,血脂谱更有利(所有部位均 <0.05)。与对照组相比,超级马拉松运动员中病理性高血浆 IL-6 水平(>1pg/mL)的发生率较低(17%比 56%,<0.05)。两组的 IMT 相似。在超级马拉松运动员组中,左前降支、回旋支和 RV 周围的 EAT 与 FAT%之间,以及回旋支周围的 EAT 与 LDL 和非 HDL 胆固醇之间呈正相关(所有部位均 <0.05)。总之,极强度训练可通过减少 EAT 的数量和促炎活性,降低成年业余运动员发生心血管事件的风险。然而,需要更多的研究来得出关于密集训练的抗炎和促炎作用的明确结论。