Asian Disaster Reduction Center, Kobe 651-0073, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 18;18(6):3137. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063137.
When a disaster occurs during a pandemic, it would be a case of concurrent crises (synonymous to cascading disasters or compounding disasters). The single-hazard approach to disaster response system is not suited for this scenario. As shown from the experiences of the Philippines, India, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, the conventional single-hazard approach needed to integrate new measures, including basic skills training on handling COVID-19 for disaster responders; additional stockpiles of face coverings, disinfectants, tents, and personal protective equipment (PPE); social distancing at evacuation centers; updating of standard operation procedures (SOPs) and guidelines for disaster response to adapt to the concurrent crises situations. Building on the reports presented by the member countries of Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC), this paper highlights three evolving disaster response practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: (i) digitalization of some aspects of disaster response, including early warning, surveillance, and impact assessment; (ii) dispersed evacuation to enforce social distancing, including other measures such as testing, tracing, and isolating infected individuals; (iii) remote psychological first aid to disaster-impacted individuals who are already experiencing anxieties from the pandemic. Indicative outcomes of the evolving response practices are discussed, including whether these could serve as entry points to transition the disaster response system from a single-hazard approach towards a multihazard approach.
当大流行病期间发生灾害时，这将是并发危机的情况（与级联灾害或复合灾害同义）。单一灾害应对系统不适用于这种情况。从菲律宾、印度、日本和大韩民国的经验可以看出，传统的单一灾害应对方法需要整合新的措施，包括对灾害应对人员进行 COVID-19 处理基本技能培训；增加口罩、消毒剂、帐篷和个人防护设备 (PPE) 的库存；在疏散中心保持社交距离；更新灾害应对标准操作程序 (SOP) 和指南，以适应并发危机情况。本文基于亚洲减灾中心 (ADRC) 成员国提交的报告，重点介绍了大流行病期间三种不断发展的灾害应对实践：(i) 灾害应对某些方面的数字化，包括预警、监测和影响评估；(ii) 分散式疏散以执行社交距离措施，包括其他措施，如测试、追踪和隔离感染者；(iii) 对已经受到大流行病焦虑影响的受灾个人进行远程心理急救。讨论了不断发展的应对实践的指示性结果，包括这些实践是否可以作为将灾害应对系统从单一灾害方法过渡到多灾害方法的切入点。
