Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 18;18(6):3147. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063147.
High prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity in children and adolescents has become a global problem. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing literature regarding the factors that influence participation in physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with reference to the social ecological model (SEM) proposed by McLeroy et al. (1988). The SEM provides a framework under which the influencing factors are categorized into five levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. A systematic search of relevant literature published before July 2020 was conducted through Ebsco, ProQuest, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected articles were all of high quality as assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). The results indicated that gender, age, ethnicity, and self-concept were the most common influencing factors at the intrapersonal level. At the interpersonal and organization levels, supports from friends, parents, and teachers were positive predictors of students' PA participation. Accessibility of facilities and safe neighborhoods was a crucial factor that influenced children and adolescents' participation in PA at the community level. Future studies on the effective types of policies or practices that could successfully promote facilities' accessibility and improve neighborhood safety are required. The outcomes of this systematic review are expected to inform practice and support the development and implementation of sound policies for the promotion of PA participation in children or adolescents from a comprehensive social ecological viewpoint.
儿童和青少年身体活动不足和肥胖的高患病率已成为全球性问题。本系统评价旨在根据 McLeroy 等人（1988 年）提出的社会生态模型（SEM），检查现有关于影响儿童和青少年参与身体活动（PA）的因素的文献。SEM 提供了一个框架，将影响因素分为五个层次：个体内部、人际间、组织、社区和公共政策。通过 Ebsco、ProQuest、PubMed Central、Scopus 和 Web of Science，对截至 2020 年 7 月之前发表的相关文献进行了系统搜索。共有 14 项研究符合纳入标准。使用混合方法评估工具（2018 年）评估，这些选定的文章均为高质量文章。研究结果表明，在个体内部层面，性别、年龄、种族和自我概念是最常见的影响因素。在人际和组织层面，朋友、父母和老师的支持是学生 PA 参与的积极预测因素。设施的可达性和安全的邻里环境是影响儿童和青少年参与社区 PA 的关键因素。未来需要研究能够成功促进设施可达性和提高邻里安全性的有效政策或实践类型。本系统评价的结果预计将为实践提供信息，并从全面的社会生态角度支持制定和实施促进儿童或青少年参与 PA 的合理政策。
