Fernández-Ballesteros Rocío, Sánchez-Izquierdo Macarena
Department of Psychobiology and Health, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Mar 1;9(3):256. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9030256.
Older adults are a population at risk for COVID-19. This study has two independent objectives: (1) to report the impact of COVID-19, as well as psycho-social responses during lockdown, in a sample of older adults in Spain, and (2) to explore through the review of published surveys what extent ageism has increased at the population level. The first objective was to search through an online questionnaire collecting information about self-reported health, lifestyles, psycho-social conditions, and a diversity of concerns. This questionnaire was administered to a volunteer sample of 315 older Spanish men and women (301 COVID-19-free and 14 diagnosed with COVID-19). All individuals reported that they had information about the COVID-19 pandemic. Their self-perception of health was also quite good, most maintaining healthy lifestyles and few reporting unhealthy behaviors. They reported few changes in family and interpersonal relations during lockdown. Those diagnosed with COVID-19 reported higher levels of anxiety, irritation, and fear, in comparison with the COVID-19-free group. Interestingly, instead of being concerned about health, the greatest concern in both groups (COVID-free and those diagnosed with COVID) were politics and the future. Our second objective, to explore ageism during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, was examined across various surveys conducted in several populations by several authors. Results showed an increase in ageism in Spain. Although some new information about health perception, psychosocial responses, and concerns during this unknown stressful situation was obtained, much more research with representative samples is required in order to arrive at more accurate conclusions.
老年人是感染新冠病毒的高危人群。本研究有两个独立目标：（1）报告新冠病毒的影响以及西班牙老年人群体在封锁期间的心理社会反应；（2）通过对已发表调查的回顾，探讨在人群层面年龄歧视增加的程度。第一个目标是通过在线问卷收集有关自我报告的健康状况、生活方式、心理社会状况以及各种担忧的信息。该问卷被发放给315名西班牙老年男性和女性的志愿者样本（301人未感染新冠病毒，14人被诊断感染新冠病毒）。所有个体均表示他们了解新冠疫情。他们对自身健康的自我认知也相当良好，大多数人保持健康的生活方式，很少有人报告有不健康行为。他们报告称在封锁期间家庭和人际关系变化不大。与未感染新冠病毒的群体相比，被诊断感染新冠病毒的人报告有更高程度的焦虑、烦躁和恐惧。有趣的是，两组（未感染新冠病毒者和感染新冠病毒者）最关心的并非健康问题，而是政治和未来。我们的第二个目标是探讨新冠疫情第一波期间的年龄歧视，这一目标是通过几位作者在不同人群中开展的多项调查进行研究的。结果显示西班牙的年龄歧视有所增加。尽管在此未知压力情境下获得了一些有关健康认知、心理社会反应和担忧的新信息，但仍需要更多采用代表性样本的研究才能得出更准确的结论。
