Quality and Accreditation Directorate, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 13001, Kuwait.
Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 29;18(7):3531. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073531.
This literature review investigates the economic costs of childhood disability analysing methodologies used and summarizing the burden worldwide comparing developed and developing countries.
Four electronic databases were searched. Studies were categorised according to country, perspective, methods of costing, disability category, and time horizon. Annual costs were converted to 2019 current US dollars then compared to the country's per capita current health expenditure (CHE) and gross domestic product (GDP).
Of 2468 references identified, 20 were included in the review. Annual burden of childhood disability ranged ≈$450-69,500 worldwide. Childhood disability imposes a heavy economic burden on families, health systems, and societies. The reason for the wide range of costs is the variability in perspective, costs included, methods, and disability type.
The annual societal costs for one disabled child could be up to the country's GDP per capita. The burden is heavier on households in developing countries as most of the costs are paid out-of-pocket leading to impoverishment of the whole family. Efforts should be directed to avoid preventable childhood disabilities and to support disabled children and their households to make them more independent and increase their productivity. More studies from developing countries are needed.
本文献综述调查了儿童残疾的经济成本，分析了所使用的方法，并总结了全世界在比较发达国家和发展中国家时的负担。
检索了四个电子数据库。根据国家、视角、成本核算方法、残疾类别和时间范围对研究进行了分类。将年度成本转换为 2019 年的当前美元，然后与该国的人均当前卫生支出（CHE）和国内生产总值（GDP）进行比较。
在确定的 2468 篇参考文献中，有 20 篇被纳入综述。全世界儿童残疾的年度负担约为 450-69500 美元。儿童残疾给家庭、卫生系统和社会带来了沉重的经济负担。造成成本差异的原因是视角、包含的成本、方法和残疾类型的可变性。
一个残疾儿童的年度社会成本可能高达该国的人均 GDP。发展中国家的家庭负担更重，因为大部分费用都是自费支付，导致整个家庭贫困。应努力避免可预防的儿童残疾，并支持残疾儿童及其家庭，使他们更加独立并提高生产力。需要来自发展中国家的更多研究。
