Alhussan Abdulaziz, Bozdoğan Ece Pinar Demirci, Chithrani Devika B
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V89 5C2, Canada.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Mar 25;13(4):442. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040442.
About half of cancer patients (50%) receive radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of local tumors. However, one of the main obstacles in RT is the close proximity of adjacent organs at risk, resulting in treatment doses being limited by significant tissue toxicity, hence preventing the necessary dose escalation that would guarantee local control. Effective local cancer therapy is needed to avoid progression of tumors and to decrease the development of systemic metastases which may further increase the possibility of resection. In an effort to do so, radiosensitizing agents are introduced to further increase damage to the tumor while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. Cisplatin and docetaxel (DTX) are currently being used as radiation dose enhancers in RT. Recent research shows the potential of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a radiosensitizing agent. GNPs are biocompatible and have been tested in phase I clinical trials. The focus will be on exploring the effects of adding other radiosensitizing agents such as DTX and cisplatin to the GNP-RT platform. Therefore, a combined use of local radiosensitizing agents, such as GNPs, with currently available radiosensitizing drugs could make a significant impact in future RT. The ultimate goal is to develop treatments that have limited or nonexistent side effects to improve the quality of life of all cancer patients.
约一半（50%）的癌症患者接受放射治疗（RT）以治疗局部肿瘤。然而，放射治疗的主要障碍之一是临近的危险器官距离过近，导致治疗剂量因显著的组织毒性而受限，从而阻碍了能确保局部控制的必要剂量增加。需要有效的局部癌症治疗来避免肿瘤进展，并减少全身转移的发生，而全身转移可能会进一步增加切除的可能性。为了实现这一目标，引入了放射增敏剂，以在使正常组织毒性最小化的同时，进一步增加对肿瘤的损伤。顺铂和多西他赛（DTX）目前在放射治疗中用作辐射剂量增强剂。最近的研究表明金纳米颗粒（GNPs）有作为放射增敏剂的潜力。金纳米颗粒具有生物相容性，并且已经在I期临床试验中进行了测试。重点将是探索在金纳米颗粒 - 放射治疗平台中添加其他放射增敏剂（如多西他赛和顺铂）的效果。因此，将局部放射增敏剂（如金纳米颗粒）与目前可用的放射增敏药物联合使用，可能会对未来的放射治疗产生重大影响。最终目标是开发副作用有限或不存在的治疗方法，以提高所有癌症患者的生活质量。
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