He Meijuan, Chen Shixiong, Yu Hongwei, Fan Xuhui, Wu Hong, Wang Yihui, Wang Han, Yin Xiaorui
Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
Shanghai General Hospital Branch of National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai 201620, China.
iScience. 2024 Dec 14;28(1):111602. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111602. eCollection 2025 Jan 17.
Radiotherapy has long been recognized as an effective conventional approach in both clinical and scientific research, primarily through mechanisms involving DNA destruction or the generation of reactive oxygen species to target tumors. However, significant challenges persist, including the unavoidable damage to normal tissues and the development of radiation resistance. As a result, nanotechnology-based radiotherapy has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance precision in irradiation, improve radiosensitization, and achieve therapeutic advancements. Importantly, radiotherapy alone frequently falls short of fully eradicating tumors. Consequently, to augment the efficacy of radiotherapy, it is often integrated with other therapeutic strategies. This review elucidates the mechanisms of radiotherapy sensitization based on diverse nanoparticles. Typically, radiotherapy is sensitized through augmenting reactive oxygen species production, targeted radiotherapy, hypoxia relief, enhancement of antitumor immune microenvironment, and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the incorporation of nanoparticle-based anti-tumor strategies with radiotherapy markedly enhances the current state of radiotherapy. Additionally, a compilation of clinical trials utilizing nano-radioenhancers is presented. Finally, future prospects for clinical translation in this field are thoroughly examined.
长期以来，放射疗法在临床和科研中一直被视为一种有效的传统方法，主要通过涉及DNA破坏或产生活性氧物质来靶向肿瘤的机制发挥作用。然而，重大挑战依然存在，包括对正常组织不可避免的损伤以及放射抗性的产生。因此，基于纳米技术的放射疗法因其在提高照射精度、改善放射增敏以及实现治疗进展方面的潜力而备受关注。重要的是，单纯的放射疗法往往不足以完全根除肿瘤。因此，为了提高放射疗法的疗效，它通常与其他治疗策略相结合。本综述阐明了基于不同纳米颗粒的放射增敏机制。通常，放射增敏是通过增加活性氧物质的产生、靶向放射疗法、缓解缺氧、增强抗肿瘤免疫微环境以及使G2/M细胞周期停滞来实现的。此外，将基于纳米颗粒的抗肿瘤策略与放射疗法相结合显著提升了当前的放射治疗水平。此外，还介绍了利用纳米放射增敏剂的临床试验汇编。最后，对该领域临床转化的未来前景进行了全面探讨。
