CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Urology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea.
Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea.
Biomolecules. 2021 Mar 25;11(4):492. doi: 10.3390/biom11040492.
The androgen receptor (AR) is one of the main components in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and treatment strategies are mostly directed toward manipulation of the AR pathway. In the metastatic setting, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundation of treatment in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). However, treatment response is short-lived, and the majority of patients ultimately progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Surmountable data from clinical trials have shown that the maintenance of AR signaling in the castration environment is accountable for disease progression. Study results indicate multiple factors and survival pathways involved in PCa. Based on these findings, the alternative molecular pathways involved in PCa progression can be manipulated to improve current regimens and develop novel treatment modalities in the management of CRPC. In this review, the interaction between AR signaling and other molecular pathways involved in tumor pathogenesis and its clinical implications in metastasis and advanced disease will be discussed, along with a thorough overview of current and ongoing novel treatments for AR signaling inhibition.
雄激素受体（AR）是前列腺癌（PCa）发生和发展的主要因素之一，治疗策略主要针对 AR 通路的调控。在转移性疾病中，雄激素剥夺治疗（ADT）是激素敏感型前列腺癌（HSPC）患者治疗的基础。然而，治疗反应是短暂的，大多数患者最终进展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌（CRPC）。临床试验中具有里程碑意义的数据表明，在去势环境中 AR 信号的维持是疾病进展的原因。研究结果表明，PCa 涉及多种因素和生存途径。基于这些发现，可以对涉及 PCa 进展的其他分子途径进行调控，以改善当前的治疗方案，并在 CRPC 的治疗中开发新的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，将讨论 AR 信号与肿瘤发病机制中涉及的其他分子途径之间的相互作用，及其在转移和晚期疾病中的临床意义，同时还将全面概述目前和正在进行的 AR 信号抑制的新型治疗方法。
