Abou Assi Reem, Abdulbaqi Ibrahim M, Siok Yee Chan
Thoughts Formulation Laboratory, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun-Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Mar 4;14(3):215. doi: 10.3390/ph14030215.
Current research indicates that the next silent epidemic will be linked to chronic liver diseases, specifically non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was renamed as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. Globally, MAFLD mortality is on the rise. The etiology of MAFLD is multifactorial and still incompletely understood, but includes the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, alterations in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory processes. The available MAFLD treatment, therefore, relies on improving the patient's lifestyle and multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic options, whereas the option of surgery is useless without managing the comorbidities of the MAFLD. Nanotechnology is an emerging approach addressing MAFLD, where nanoformulations are suggested to improve the safety and physicochemical properties of conventional drugs/herbal medicines, physical, chemical, and physiological stability, and liver-targeting properties. A wide variety of liver nanosystems were constructed and delivered to the liver, only those that addressed the MAFLD were discussed in this review in terms of the nanocarrier classes, particle size, shape, zeta potential and offered dissolution rate(s), the suitable preparation method(s), excipients (with synergistic effects), and the suitable drug/compound for loading. The advantages and challenges of each nanocarrier and the focus on potential promising perspectives in the production of MAFLD nanomedicine were also highlighted.
当前研究表明，下一场无声的流行病将与慢性肝病相关，特别是非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD），该病于2020年更名为代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）。在全球范围内，MAFLD的死亡率正在上升。MAFLD的病因是多因素的，目前仍未完全了解，但包括肝内脂质积累、能量代谢改变、胰岛素抵抗和炎症过程。因此，现有的MAFLD治疗方法依赖于改善患者的生活方式和多学科药物治疗选择，而在不控制MAFLD合并症的情况下，手术治疗并无效果。纳米技术是一种针对MAFLD的新兴方法，其中纳米制剂被认为可以改善传统药物/草药的安全性和物理化学性质、物理、化学和生理稳定性以及肝脏靶向性。人们构建了各种各样的肝脏纳米系统并将其递送至肝脏，本综述仅讨论了那些针对MAFLD的纳米系统，涉及纳米载体类别、粒径、形状、zeta电位和提供的溶解速率、合适的制备方法、辅料（具有协同作用）以及适合负载的药物/化合物。还强调了每种纳米载体的优点和挑战，以及在MAFLD纳米药物生产中潜在的有前景的观点。
